Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most frequent malignancy arising in the nasopharynx. While cervical lymph node metastases are common at diagnosis, rare cases may occur without nodal involvement. We report the case of a 48-year-old man presenting with headache, epistaxis, and nocturnal snoring. Clinical examination revealed no palpable cervical lymphadenopathy. Imaging showed nasopharyngeal thickening with lysis of the sphenoidal floor and intracranial extension. Histological evaluation confirmed a high-grade undifferentiated infiltrating carcinoma of type UCNT. The patient responded well to chemotherapy.

The growing threat of biopiracy highlights the urgent need to protect Indonesia's genetic resources and traditional knowledge, particularly those belonging to indigenous communities. Indonesia's rich biodiversity and cultural heritage have long been targeted for exploitation without fair benefit-sharing or acknowledgment. This paper briefly explores the legal foundation for the protection of genetic resources and traditional knowledge at both international and national levels, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Nagoya Protocol, and Indonesian laws such as the Patent Law and Government Regulation No. 56/2022. Employing a doctrinal legal research method, the study examines relevant legal instruments and national policy documents, supported by secondary data and qualitative analysis. The findings reveal that despite progressive legal frameworks recognizing communal intellectual property and inclusive moral rights, implementation remains limited due to fragmented databases, lack of coordination among institutions, and absence of mechanisms for prior informed consent and benefit-sharing. Inclusive moral rights—which combine collective moral claims with intellectual property protections—are proposed as a normative foundation to empower local communities and the state in asserting sovereignty over their resources. The paper argues that such rights must be operationalized through an integrated database system, enforceable contracts, and regulatory bodies that facilitate equitable access and benefit-sharing. The novelty of this research lies in its conceptualization of inclusive moral rights as a transformative legal tool to bridge communal ownership and intellectual property regimes, ensuring that traditional knowledge and genetic resources are legally protected, ethically respected, and sustainably managed within a national and global framework.

Mucogingival deformities encompass a range of soft tissue abnormalities affecting gingival tissues and their relationship with surrounding oral structures. These conditions, including gingival recession, insufficient attached gingiva width, high frenal attachments, and gingival excess, can lead to aesthetic concerns, oral hygiene challenges, functional problems, psychological impact, and long-term oral health risks. This paper presents two cases of mucogingival deformities and their aesthetic correction using diode lasers. The use of diode lasers offered advantages such as precise tissue removal, reduced bleeding, faster healing, and minimal postoperative pain.

In the evolving landscape of higher education, data-driven approaches have become pivotal in enhancing academic performance and institutional decision-making. This study investigates the application of supervised machine learning algorithms to predict undergraduate students’ outcomes in Introduction to Computing Science at the Federal University of Allied Health Sciences, Enugu, Nigeria. The aim is to develop predictive models capable of early identification of students at risk of academic failure, enabling proactive intervention strategies. A dataset comprising 500 anonymised student records, including demographic, behavioural, and academic features, was preprocessed using normalisation and encoding techniques. Feature selection methods, such as Chi-square tests and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), identified midterm test scores, attendance rate, and parental education as key predictors. Five classification algorithms, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gradient Boosting, were trained and evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation. Results revealed that ensemble models outperformed traditional classifiers, with Gradient Boosting achieving the highest performance (87% accuracy, 0.85 F1-score, and 0.91 ROC-AUC). Feature importance analysis confirmed that early assessments and engagement metrics are strong indicators of final course performance. These findings underscore the potential of machine learning to enhance academic support systems by providing actionable insights for educators and administrators. The study concludes by recommending the integration of predictive analytics into institutional frameworks, the development of academic early warning systems, and future expansion of the model to include behavioural and real-time learning data. This work contributes to the growing field of Educational Data Mining and presents a scalable model for fostering academic excellence in Nigerian higher education.

Traditional medicine uses Annona muricata to treat a variety of illnesses. This study aimed to assess the anti-proliferative effects of the hexane fraction of Annona muricata (HFAM) seed in MCF-7 cells and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary gland tumorigenesis in female rats. Forty Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups in vivo. The control group was group 1, the DMBA (50 mg/kg) was assigned to group 2, the DMBA (50 mg/kg) + HFAM (100 mg/kg) was given to group 3, the DMBA (50 mg/kg) + HFAM (200 mg/kg) was given to group 4, and the HFAM (200 mg/kg) was given to group 5. The HFAM inhibited growth, elicited anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and pro-apoptotic activities in MCF-cells. The HFAM decreased IL-1β, MPO, LPO and increased SOD, CAT, BAX, Caspases-3 and-9 in MCF-7 cells by 45%, 82%, 46%, 44%, 41%, 168%, 22% and 17%, respectively. In vivo, DMBA decreased body weight gain and increased organo-somatic weight of the mammary gland by 35% and 92%, respectively. Also, DMBA decreased the activities of mammary catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase by 40%, 66%, 45% and 41%, respectively, while lipid peroxidation increased by 61%. The GC-MS analysis revealed Tirucallol as the most abundant compound. Histology showed glands with malignant epithelial cells and high nucleocytoplasmic in DMBA-administered rats. Interestingly, HFAM decreased inflammation, oxidative stress, and restored the cyto-architecture of glands in DMBA-treated rats. Taken together, HFAM confers protection against DMBA-induced mammary toxicity via anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and pro-apoptotic activities.

Introduction: Scientific research in education is simply the application of the general rules of the scientific method to the field of education. This study aims to compare the qualitative performance of students at technical medical institutes in the city of Kisangani and analyse these issues to verify whether they are valid. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Technical Medical Institute of the University of Kisangani (ITM – UNIKIS) and the Institute of Applied Medical Technology of the Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Kisangani (ITMA – ISTM/ KIS) from 1 March to 30 April 2023. A non-probabilistic convenience sample of 25 students was selected. Document analysis and questionnaires were used to collect data, while descriptive analysis was used to compare results. Results: Current course programmes, subject forecasts and course reference materials are available at ITM – UNIKIS, while at ITMA – ISTM/ KIS. At ITM – UNIKIS, all questions are valid, while at ITMA – ISTM/KIS, 50% do not comply with the curriculum and subject forecasts. The pass rate in pathology and nursing techniques was 66.3% at ITM – UNIKIS (MML=83.3% vs DDL=58.3%) and 53.5% at ITMA – ISTM/KIS (MML=52.9% vs DDL=29.4%). In nursing techniques, it was 65% at ITM UNIKIS (MML=97.6% vs DDL=50%) and 55.5% at ITMA – ISTM/KIS (MML=76.4% vs DDL=17.6%). Conclusion: The qualitative performance of learners in the competency-based programme is better than that of learners in the objective-based programme.

Humanity is all about being human. Being human is all about feeling the pain of fellow human being, supporting our race in creating a happy world, hand holding the ‘downtrodden and the unfortunate’ to uplift them from the grip of pain and sufferings. A common word which is representative of all the pain, suffering, lack of material possessiveness and misfortune is ‘poverty’. It is but obvious that the term poverty is as disdainful as it is devastating in its impact. It is a real curse on humanity. Abstract poverty which devoid human of fulfilling even most basic needs and sometimes causing death due hunger and matching wantless-ness are blot on the face of humanity. We must not lose sight of the visionary statement of the ILO Declaration of 1944 at Philadelphia [ ], which states,”Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere.” It is not only from the fear factor associated with the threat to prosperity only but also due to the factor of benevolence involved in the basic nature of human, a touch of being sensitive to the troubles of the fellow living being that there has been constant effort for bringing the fortune to the “lot with the lost opportunities”. Ever since poverty existed there have been simultaneous efforts to eradicate it. A number of concepts, plans, measures, tactics, and methods have been deviced to deal effectively with poverty. Taking advantage of mutual strength and support has also been a major tool, which identifies itself in the form of Cooperative movement. Self Help Group (SHG) is also manifestation of similar ideology. In India under the aegis of DAY - NRLM this movement has proven to be path breaking and is a movement to recon with. In this paper the author has endeavored to peep into past, narrate the present and estimate the future form of the SHG concept.

Understanding the evolution of cardiovascular knowledge requires exploring the classical insights of Greek and Arab physicians. This study examines historical perspectives on arteries, veins, blood, and pneuma from early Greek philosophers like Alcmaeon and Buqrāt (Hippocrates) to Jalinūs (Galen), and their subsequent refinement by Arab scholars such as Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) and Ibn Al-Nafīs. The study reveals the contributions of Greek and Arab scholars to the understanding of vascular anatomy and function, including the concept of pneuma, the distinction between arteries and veins, and the idea of blood circulation. The results of the studies and experiments conducted by the ancient Greek and Greeko-Arab scholars led to a greater understanding of the anatomy and function of blood vessels, including the discovery that arteries contain blood and the differentiation between arterial and venous blood. Through critical analysis of classical texts of Herophilūs, Erasistrātūs, Jalinūs, and Rabbān al-Tabarī, this paper highlights how translation, observation, and commentary shaped the foundational concepts of vascular anatomy and function. The study highlights the continuity and transformation of vascular concepts across eras, emphasizing their impact on modern vascular anatomy as well cardiovascular physiology. These insights underscore the importance of historical perspectives in comprehending current medical knowledge and may inform future integrative approaches in medical education and research.

The increase in the incidence of hepatotoxicity resulting from exposure of individuals to toxic substances from the environment especially industrial hazards as well as toxicity from drug intake calls for search of more sources of hepatoprotective substances. African walnuts (Tetracarpidium conophorum) have been widely used not only as food but for various acclaimed medicinal purposes. The protective effects of Tetracarpidium conophorum seed oil against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) - induced liver injury in wistar rats was evaluated. The oil was extracted with n-hexane from the walnut seed using Soxhlet apparatus. Forty eight male Wistar rats (100-120g) were used. These were divided into four groups of 12 rats each. Groups A and D were fed with normal rats’ feed and water while Groups B and C were fed with diet containing 10% extracted Tetracarpidium conophorum seed oil throughout the experiment. Group C and D received 200mg/kg CCl4 intraperitoneally once after 30 days of feeding. The administration of the African walnut oil attenuated the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and liver lipid peroxidation in CCl4 – treated rats. Histopathological studies of the rats’ liver revealed that pretreatment of the animals with African walnut oil reduced the incidence of liver lesions induced by CCl4. African walnut oil also increased the antioxidant capacity of the rats by increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) content and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) that was formed due to CCl4 administration in CCl4-treated rats. The results show that Tetracarpidium conophorum seed oil has hepatoprotective effect against CCl4 - induced liver toxicity.

To analyse the drug prescription pattern for secondary prevention of stroke, medication adherence, knowledge and awareness about the disease, and direct medical costs involved in the treatment of stroke. A Prospective observational study was carried out for 6 months in the inpatient department. The inclusion criteria of the present study are patients of either sex aged ≥ 18 years, patients who were diagnosed as stroke patients and admitted to the intensive care unit of the hospital. About 120 prescriptions in total were examined during the 6-month trial. Men aged 64 showed a higher prevalence of this (53.33%). 120 individuals were included in the study, 115 (95.5%) of whom had ischemic stroke, while 5 (5%) had a haemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were the three main co-morbidities found; these conditions were present in 82 (68.0%), 80 (66.6%), and 73 (60.8%%) individuals, respectively. The majority of the patients in this study on pharmacological prescriptions for stroke were being treated with statin and antiplatelet medications. 109 (90.8%) of the 120 patients received statin (Atorvastatin) medication. This study found that clopidogrel, prescribed to 102 (84.8%) and 19 (15.8%) patients, was the most widely used antiplatelet. In our facility, the sole anticoagulant utilized for stroke victims was heparin.

Background: Oral diseases remain a significant global health burden. The traditional restorative approach to dental care, focused on repairing disease outcomes, is increasingly recognized as insufficient for managing these chronic, multifactorial conditions. This highlights a critical need for a more preventive and holistic paradigm. Objective: This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on key dietary and pharmacological adjuncts that supplement and enhance standard mechanical dental care. Furthermore, it seeks to critically analyze the essential role of interprofessional collaboration (IPC) in the effective implementation of these adjuncts to optimize patient outcomes and facilitate a shift towards comprehensive, patient-centered oral healthcare. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, for articles published up to June 2025. The review prioritized systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and authoritative position papers. Findings: The evidence strongly supports the efficacy of various pharmacological adjuncts, including topical fluorides for remineralization, chlorhexidine for short-term microbial control, and sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline for host modulation in periodontitis. Dietary adjuncts, such as polyphenols, probiotics, and dietary nitrates, show promising potential in modulating the oral microbiome and host response. The synergistic potential of these adjuncts is most effectively realized when managed by a cohesive interprofessional team. This collaborative model, involving dentists, physicians, pharmacists, and dietitians, allows for comprehensive management of interconnected factors such as systemic disease, polypharmacy, and complex nutritional needs. Conclusion: The integration of evidence-based dietary and pharmacological adjuncts through a structured interprofessional collaborative model is fundamental to advancing modern dental care.

Clinical laboratory professionals and diabetes educators play pivotal roles in improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes in diabetes management. Laboratory professionals are responsible for conducting precise and reliable laboratory tests, such as fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and oral glucose tolerance tests, which are crucial for diagnosing diabetes and assessing glycemic control. Their expertise ensures that test results are accurate, timely, and interpret correctly to aid clinicians in making informed treatment decisions. Additionally, they maintain strict quality control measures and stay updated with advancements in diagnostic technologies to minimize errors and improve the overall quality of laboratory data used in diabetes care, Diabetes educators complement this by empowering patients through education about disease management, medication adherence, lifestyle modifications, and self-monitoring techniques. They help interpret test results and translate complex medical information into understandable advice, enhancing patient compliance and engagement. This collaborative approach between laboratory professionals and educators ensures that diabetes is managed effectively, reducing the risk of complications and enhancing patient outcomes. Together, they create a comprehensive support system that promotes accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment plans, and sustained disease control.

Research aimed to assess how work stress and work engagement affect employee performance, with organizational commitment as an intervening. This study uses a quantitative methodology. The study use the census sampling technique to collect data from workers in the General Affairs Department. In this study, the sample consisted of 70 Civil Servants. Analysis method in this research use Structural Equation Model (SEM) and supporting by SmartPLS v3.0 application. The results of this research indicated that employee performance affected by work stress, employee’s performance is affected by work engagement, organizational commitment is affected by work stress, organizational commitment is affected by work engagement, employee’s performance is impacted by organizational commitment, employee’s performance is affected by work stress through organizational commitment, and employee’s performance is affected by work engagement through organizational commitment among employees in the General Affairs Division of Pemalang Regency.

Background: Differentiating benign from malignant adrenal tumors is critical for determining appropriate clinical management. Although histopathology is the definitive diagnostic tool, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) offers valuable non-invasive insights. Specific morphologic features- such as size, shape, margins, and enhancement patterns- can help predict malignancy. Establishing reliable CT-based criteria enhances diagnostic confidence and aids in selecting patients who may benefit from surgery or further evaluation. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of CT morphologic features and tumor size in distinguishing benign from malignant adrenal tumors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), Dhaka, over a two-year period and included 30 patients with clinically or radiologically suspected adrenal masses. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) using a standardized adrenal protocol, including unenhanced, portal venous, and delayed phases. Tumor characteristics such as size, shape, margins, enhancement pattern, internal architecture, necrosis, calcification, and attenuation were assessed. CT findings were interpreted by radiologists blinded to histopathological results. Final diagnoses were confirmed by histopathological examination of biopsy or surgical specimens. CT features and lesion size were then correlated with histopathological outcomes to evaluate their significance. Results: Among the 30 patients evaluated, the mean age was 40.9 ± 17.8 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. CT revealed left-sided adrenal masses in 40%, right-sided in 33.3%, and bilateral involvement in 26.7%. Most lesions (63.3%) were <4 cm, and 53.3% appeared hypodense on pre-contrast imaging. Post-contrast, 50% of lesions showed homogeneous enhancement, while 46.7% showed heterogeneous enhancement. Hemorrhage and necrosis were noted in 23.3% of cases, and invasion into adjacent structures was observed in 6.7%, both exclusively in malignant lesions. Hypodensity was predominantly seen in benign lesions (46.6%), whereas hemorrhage, necrosis, and invasion were exclusive to malignancies. Among lesions <4 cm, 94.7% were benign; among those ≥4 cm, 54.5% were malignant. The odds of a lesion ≥4 cm being malignant were 21 times higher (OR: 21; 95% CI: 2.1–223.6; p = 0.002). Malignant tumors had a significantly larger mean diameter (8.05 ± 5.06 cm) than benign tumors (3.90 ± 2.14 cm; p = 0.003). Adrenal adenoma was the most common lesion (50%), followed by hyperplasia (13.3%) and adrenocortical carcinoma (10%). Conclusion: CT morphologic features, particularly lesion size, enhancement pattern, and structural alterations such as necrosis or invasion, are valuable indicators for distinguishing benign from malignant adrenal tumors. Lesions ≥4 cm and those showing heterogeneous enhancement or invasive characteristics were significantly associated with malignancy.

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is common in critically ill neonates and has been repeatedly implicated in gastrointestinal dysmotility and sub optimal growth. Yet, the magnitude and nature of its relationship with feeding difficulties in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) remain uncertain. Objectives: We synthesized contemporary evidence on the prevalence of thyroid disorders among NICU patients, quantified the frequency of concomitant feeding difficulties, and explored mechanistic links and therapeutic implications. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect was performed from inception to 1 March 2025. Very low birth weight and term neonates admitted to NICU settings were eligible. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data and assessed risk of bias with the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Results: From 812 unique records, 10 studies met inclusion criteria (4 cohort, 3 case control, 1 prospective crossover trial, 2 case reports; cumulative N = 2 387 neonates). Congenital or acquired hypothyroidism predominated; one series reported delayed thyrotropin elevation and another synthesized thyroid dysfunction secondary to maternal Graves’ disease. Across studies, hypothyroid infants required significantly longer periods nil per os, tolerated lower enteral volumes and had more frequent gastric residuals than euthyroid peers. Initiation of L thyroxine—typically 5 15 µg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹—consistently accelerated achievement of full feeds and resolved abdominal distension. Quality appraisal rated eight studies moderate and two high. Conclusion: The best available evidence indicates that untreated thyroid hypofunction is an under recognized, reversible contributor to feeding intolerance in the NICU. Routine thyroid re evaluation in hard to feed infants and prompt thyroxine replacement when indicated may shorten parenteral nutrition dependency and hospital stay. Robust multicenter trials are warranted to define optimal screening intervals and dosing strategies.