The aim of this study was to find out anti-diabetic effects of Citrullus colocynthis commonly known as bitter apple. Random blood glucose levels were measured before and after plant extract administration. Powdered form of plant extract was used as an oral treatment. Diabetes was induced in mice using artificial diabetes inducer named- Streptozotocin. Maximum anti-hyperglycemic effect and reduction in glucose level was observed with individual treatment of extract of C. colocynthis @400mg/kg, which was 75%±1.3. This treatment was more effective than amaryl @3mg/kg, which shows effectiveness of 52%±2.4 and Glucophage @500mg/kg, which shows effectiveness of 29%±2.1. Results showed that bitter apple have insulin tropic activity which helps in regeneration of beta cells of pancreas which turn normalize blood glucose levels without any significant side effects such as hypoglycemia. Further research is still required before implementation of this plant to treat diabetic patients.

Introduction: Beta-thalassemia is thought to be the most common genetic blood condition in the world. Different kinds of Beta-thalassemia major have been shown to have lipid problems. The goal of this study is to evaluate the lipid profiles of beta-thalassemia major patients. The aim of the study was to study the association of dyslipidemia with serum ferritin levels and amount of blood transfusion among Beta thalassemia patients. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine and Hematology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. The study duration was 6 months, from January 2017 to July 2017. The targeted study sample size was 96, but due to the short duration of the study, a total of 40 patients were selected as the study population. Result: Hematological tests showed the mean hemoglobin level in the thalassemia group was 7.23 gm/dl, with a standard deviation of 1.23. Mean MCV, MCH, and MCHC in the thalassaemic group were significantly lower at 69.83 fl (SD8.34), 23.10 PGM (SD3.57), and 28.03 % (SD 2.58) compared to the normal range (P-value <0.001 in all parameters). Beta-thalassemia major patients had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p<0.001) compared to the normal range. However, serum triglycerides levels of Beta-thalassemia patients (211.5±31.54 mg/dl) were significantly higher [p-value < 0.001].But total cholesterol level was not statically significant among participants ( P-value 0.428). High levels of serum triglycerides were associated with high ferritin levels and an increased amount of blood transfusion. Low levels of HDL-C and LDL-C were associated with a high level of ferritin and an increased amount of blood transfusion. Conclusion: Our study revealed that there was a significant difference in various lipid levels between patients with beta-thalassemia major and normal values which may help physicians to design the therapeutic module for the treatment of such patients.

The problem raised in this study is why the regulation of rehabilitation for children who use narcotics has not been based on the value of justice. To find answers to these problems, the study uses a sociological juridical research type where the method of qualitative analysis is used on the data obtained, and presented in the form of written words supported by quantitative and qualitative data to then draw an inductive conclusion. The Result Shows that According to Law Number 35 of 2009, there are two types of rehabilitation, namely medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. The judge's consideration in conducting trial examinations in narcotics cases committed by children is to impose narcotics crimes by rehabilitating the accused. The judge stated that in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act, children who have problems with the law are called Juvenile. The judge stated that even though in the indictment of the public prosecutor, however, the judge considered that in giving criminal penalties to narcotics users and child perpetrators, by taking into account the main principle for the child, namely the best interest of the child in imposing sanctions, it is very necessary to reconstruct the rehabilitation law for children as drug addicts fairly.

The primary intention of this practice is to numerically investigate the extracellular fluid (ECF) flow for unsteady 2-dimenstional case along with a porous vertical plate with the appearance of a transverse magnetic field in a rotating system. The dimensional basic equations have been non-dimensionalized by necessary dimensionless variables. The EFDM has been practiced to solve the dimensionless equations. The numerical data have been evaluated by FORTRAN software version 6.6a. For a perfect conductivity, Magnetic Diffusivity Number values have been taken between 5 to 15 in the induction formula. For proper exactness, stability and convergence tests have been performed. For initial time , the outputs have been illustrated for the primary, secondary and angular velocity, primary and secondary induced magnetic field, temperature field with shear stresses for and -direction, couple stress for -direction, and -direction current densities and Nusselt number. Finally, the outcomes of different parameters are discussed separately and pictorial graphically by MATLAB R2018a.The findings of this research may be used to control cell temperature, measurement of extracellular fluid motion, and so on.

The problem raised in this study is what are the weaknesses in the implementation of controlled delivery in the investigation of narcotics crimes in realizing the protection of human rights and How to reconstruct it in order to realize the protection of human rights. To find answers to these problems, the study uses a sociological juridical research type where The method of qualitative analysis is used on the data obtained, and presented in the form of written words supported by quantitative and qualitative data to then draw an inductive conclusion. The Result Shows that the weakness referred to is contained in the definition of Controlled Delivery which is still ambiguous and the usefulness of Controlled Delivery is as stated in Law number 35 of 2009 article 45 (j) and article 49 where even though it is used to uncover drug trafficking networks, controlled delivery make investigators pretend to be drug dealers so that those caught are drug users who are the last link in the drug network (end users) so that the information obtained is certainly not as much as when investigators pretend to be buyers (Undercover Buying) even though the view is that drug users are perpetrators need to be reviewed because their condition is not as “perpetrators”, but as “victims” who need a helping hand in order to recover, not punishment. So that the reconstruction referred to in Article 49 of Law Number 35 of 2009 through the addition of the word "while still respecting and protecting the rights of victims of drug abuse as victims" can mean that the rights of victims of drug abuse are recognized and not treated as "Perpetrators" anymore.

Background: In children, femoral shaft fractures are usually treated by initial performance and durability for 3 to 4 weeks, followed by an additional period of immobilization in a hip spica cast until union occurs. However, such treatment would involve prolonged hospital stays, thereby increasing the cost and occupancy of hospital beds. Early hip spica cast application of femoral shaft fractures in children is a valuable alternative to the traditional treatment method. It allows for a short hospital stay, thereby avoiding all the problems associated with prolonged hospitalization. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 20 patients. Multicentered based non-randomized evaluations were performed in Modernized District Hospital, Joypurhat, and Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, from January 2020 to April 2022. With femur shaft fractures over two years. All the children of both sexes from 2 to 12 years of age with fractures shaft of the femur presented within day one of injury. Follow-up was done in OPD for up to 6 months. The functional result was assessed according to Flynn’s scoring criteria. Results: The mean age of the patient was 5.65 years, ranging from 2 to 12 years. The male-female ratio was 3:1. The mean duration of hospital stay was 4.1 days. Radiological union in all cases was achieved in a mean time of 7.65 weeks. Full weight-bearing was possible in a mean time of 10.07 weeks. The result was excellent in sixteen patients (80%), successful in two (10%), and poor in two patients (10%). Conclusions: Early spica cast is a simple, effective, and definite treatment method with minimal complications and acceptable results in the pediatric age group.

Suicide is the intentional infliction of death on oneself. It is the leading cause of death on the planet. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among 15 to 19-year-olds. 79 percent of global suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Ingestion of pesticides, hanging, and the use of firearms are among the most common methods of suicide in the world. India's suicide rate increased to 230,314 in 2016. Suicide was the leading cause of mortality in both the 15–29 and 15–39 year age groups. Over 800,000 people die by suicide every year around the world, with 135,000 (17%) of them being Indian citizens, who make up 17.5 percent of the global population. Every year, significantly more people try to commit suicide than actually do so. A past suicide attempt is the single most important risk factor for suicide in the general population. In 2012, Tamil Nadu had the highest suicide rate (12.5%), followed by Maharashtra (11.9%) and West Bengal (10.1%). (11.0 percent). In 2012, Tamil Nadu and Kerala had the highest suicide rates per 100,000 people among states with large populations. Male suicides outnumber female suicides roughly 2:1 in India. Suicides are estimated to number in the millions in India. For example, a study published in The Lancet predicted 187,000 suicides in India in 2010, despite the Indian government's official statistics claiming 134,600 suicides in the same year. According to WHO data, India's age-standardized suicide rate for women is 16.4 per 100,000 (6th highest in the world) and for males is 25.8 per 100,000 (22nd).

This study examines the contribution of fiscal policy measures to economic stability in Nigeria. Specifically, the study examines the impact of fiscal policy measures on macroeconomic variable of growth - the gross domestic product. In order to achieve our objectives, we employed the econometric techniques of ordinary least squares and co-integration/error correction mechanism to analyze our data with a scope of 1970 to 2019. Our results and findings show that fiscal policy measures had serious implication on economic growth. This is evidenced by the coefficient of determination of the model. The R2 value is consistently high in the model. Also, government expenditure and revenue were significant in the model. Based on findings, the study recommends that government should improve her role in the economic management by stepping up her capital expenditure and reducing recurrent expenditure in order to boost infrastructural development and create the enabling environment for increased private investment in the economy.

Rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) account for 0.1% of all rectal tumors. They are generally diagnosed in adults over 50 years of age with non-specific symptoms. Immunohistochemistry performed on biopsy tissue sample confirms the diagnosis. In this study, we report two cases of histologically and immunohistochemically confirmed rectal GISTs diagnosed using Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with fine needle aspiration (FNA), a procedure of crucial value in the diagnosis of these tumors. Both patients were male, presenting with non-specific symptoms. Standard endoscopy showed a rectal mass in both cases, biopsies were negative. EUS showed a well-defined hypoechoic mass and evaluated adjacent organs and of blood/lymphatic nodes involvement. EUS-FNA was performed in both cases. Cytology and immunocytochemistry studies showed spindle cell pattern with positive immunohistochemical staining for CD117, typical of GISTs.

Primary testicular lymphoma is a rare type of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), its positive diagnosis is based on histopathological findings. Treatment modalities consist of surgical excision, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy but the accurate procedures are not standardized. The authors report a new case of primary testicular lymphoma, and we discuss its diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Sperm cryopreservation was carried out. The patient was started on chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin, and prednisone (CHOP) regime.

Background: Conscious sedation is a guidance technique used to control the behavior of anxious or uncooperative patients. A variety of drugs are used in the sedation process, including inhalation agents such as orally or parenterally midazolam and other benzodiazepines. Midazolam is considered a member of the benzodiazepine family with the highest lipid-soluble properties. Objective: This article aims to review the use of Midazolam for conscious sedation in dental practice and illustrate each route of administration. Materials and Methods: This study involved a review of published articles related to the use of Midazolam for conscious sedation in dental practice. The PubMed search engine and Cochrane electronic databases were used to collect the most relevant and recent information on midazolam in dental practice. Results: By applying this method, 10 articles were gathered and used in the current review. Conclusion: Midazolam has shown its ability to be a safe and effective drug in conscious sedation in dental practice. However, some points must be considered before administering midazolam, including patient age and weight, the dose required, drug-drug interaction, special care patients, route of administration, and level of anxiety.

The goals of the economics in the financial to highlight some major studies from across all economic fields wherein the grey systems theory could be applied in addition to opening and introduce new fields. Grey systems theory offers a unique type of number, the three-parameter interval grey numbers, a goal making methodology based on these numbers is proposed, with the premise that these numbers. Generally, decision-makers should consider commercial ethics and societal responsibility, as well as environmental management in particular. CEM seems to have a smaller influence on market based measurements than accounting based criteria is a good example. Another possible explanation for the observation is that market and accounting based measurements have various temporal horizons. Market economies are self-regulating systems governed by the laws of production and trade, according to classical economics' core theory. Some critics of management claim that planners place too much focus on ways to boost growth in the economy while neglecting the social consequences. Simple growth objectives have the disadvantage of not measuring the development in negative effects like noise, pollution and environmental degradation; instead, they reflect the costs of mitigating these problems as part of development itself.

A common problem observed in patient safety is the lack of accurate and complete information about medications in regular use during transfers of care between different health facilities. In view of this, medication reconciliation is postulated as a barrier to reducing medication discrepancies and consequently medication errors. This project aims to evaluate the implementation of safe clinical practices conducted by clinical pharmacists. To this end, we will conduct a standardized process to obtain the best possible medication history (BPMH); assessment of the patient's level of understanding of pre-admission therapy; quantification, classification and analysis of discrepancies of unintentional drugs at hospital admission; effect of interventions conducted by clinical pharmacists and impact on patient safety. This prospective, pilot, descriptive, interventional and single-center study will be carried out in the Clinical Pharmacy Department of a large hospital in the state of São Paulo. In order to standardize the process of data collection and reconciliation of prescription drugs, the interview with the patient will be carried out using an adapted and modified form. After collecting information in the structured interview, clinical pharmacists will identify, analyze and classify possible discrepancies. All unintentional discrepancies found without any clinical justification will be considered medication errors. Finally, the degree of impact of each drug discrepancy will be defined as: clinically insignificant; clinically significant; serious and life-threatening.

Climate change has posed a serious threat to humanity, particularly to women, who are among the most vulnerable. Adaptation as a measure of disaster mitigation has received a lot of attention in the wake of climate change, but nearly all of it has disregarded women's contribution to disaster adaptation as a change agent. This research aims to review the available literature on women's adaptation methods in the face of climate-related disasters. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) technique was used to guide this research. With a thorough screening method, 19 articles out of 695 were selected utilizing two databases: Scopus and EBSCo discovery service. The findings are presented in a thematic way titled after the various adaption tactics employed by women across the world. The findings suggest that women have demonstrated their ability to use beneficial adaptation techniques in the face of several societal constraints, including reproductive responsibility. As a result of the findings, certain policy recommendations have been made, emphasizing the relevance of women's capacity building in disaster impact mitigation.

Air pollution is a significant health risk factor all over the world. A global study of diseases showed that air pollution is one of the top ten global health risk factors. Approximately 7 million people in the world and 40, 0000 people experience early death due to air pollution. The most common pollutants include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide. The two types of air pollution, indoor and ambient, both contribute to a host of cardiac and respiratory illnesses. General ambient air pollution, chiefly due to the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, may be responsible for increased rates of lung cancer. Exposure to excess levels of air pollution is significantly associated with a variety of acute and chronic respiratory illnesses, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, respiratory allergies, and lung cancer. The effects of air pollution disproportionately impact the extremes of the age distribution, perhaps due to altered immune responses. The presence of one or more contaminants in the atmosphere, such as dust, fumes, gases, gas, ‘fog’, odour or vapour in quantities or with characteristics, and of a duration that may be detrimental to human, animal or plant. Combustion-source air pollution contributes to the occurrence of lung cancer among the general population. By using modern techniques to control pollution Multi-vortex wet air scrubber’s technology, nano technology, recycle reuse techniques is very helpful to control pollution.