Formalin is one of the commonest embalming fluid used in modern embalming. Methanol can also be mixed with formalin in order to prevent the precipitation of formaldehyde to paraformaldehyde. Methanol is also a good preservative. Strangled bodies remain one of common homicides received at funeral homes in Anambra state, Nigeria. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to observe the early decomposition activities in Anambra state; use an embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol and water to arrest it; and document the techniques used to achieve it. Therefore, four infant pigs were used for this study. They were sacrificed and allowed to reach the early stage of decomposition before embalming. The results showed that outcome of embalming is influenced by the embalming mixture used, duration of the embalming, and the room temperature of the morgue were the embalmed bodies were stored after embalming. The results also showed that atmospheric temperature and humidity does not influence the outcome of embalming. In conclusion, the methodology for arresting early decomposition of strangled homicides is by arterially injecting an embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol, water and dye; and also supplementing this technique with hypodermic embalming technique.

Dengue fever is public health concerns in Bangladesh, where it occurs in epidemics and has a high mortality in the advanced stages. Clinical features are nonspecific and diagnosis is supported by lab features. Common lab tests include Platelet count, leucocyte count and platelet indices are useful in small rural set ups for early diagnosis and prognosis of dengue. The aim of this study is to evaluate relationship between platelet count, leukocytes and platelet indices. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with Department of Internal Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2019 to September 2019. Clinical records of 260 cases were preserved in a structured Clinical Record Form (CRF). Only those, with antigen/antibody supported cases was enrolled in the study. Mean neutrophil (%), mean lymphocyte (%) and mean eosinophil (%) count were statistically significant difference among different platelet count groups (p<0.05). There was significant negative correlation between PDW and platelet count (r= -0.228, p<0.001). MPV was also negatively correlated with platelet count but not significant (r= -0.106, p= 0.088). Beside Platelet count and leukocyte count, Platelet indices such as PDW and MPV are also useful to monitor dengue fever.

This study examined the relationship between parenting styles, television viewing habits, and academic performance of second year students in Ghanaian junior high schools in the Ga-East Municipality. The study was a cross-sectional correlational study using 310 samples drawn from a population of 1700 students. Using a five-point Likert’s scale, Buri's Parental Authority Questionnaire (α =.619) measured parenting style in this study. Students Grade Point Average (GPA) in four subjects (English, Mathematics, Integrated Science and Social Studies) represented academic performance scores, while self-constructed TV viewing instrument (α = .71) was used to gather data on students’ television viewing habit. ANOVA, t-test, and multiple regression were used to test four hypotheses. Results indicated that authoritarian and permissive parenting styles correlated negatively with academic performance while authoritative parenting style affected students’ performance positively. The study also discovered that time spent watching TV significantly and negatively influenced academic performance of students. Again, time spent viewing television, did not differ significantly on the basis of age. The study concluded that authoritative parenting style is significant for a better academic grade, and that age is not a factor in regards to time students spent watching TV programmes. Based on the outcome of the study, it was recommended that the Municipal Counsellor should organise career guidance programmes for the students to encourage them to be more focused on their studies and also to reduce their TV viewing time. In addition, parents must be encouraged to regulate the TV viewing habits of their children.

Introduction: Abnormal level of circulating lipids refers to dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia mostly affects non-communicable diseases like CHD, CVD, cancer, autoimmune disease, etc. The population group most affected by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Bangladesh comprises middle-aged persons and the elderly, having a major share of the disease burden and mortality in the country. Changing dietary habits and lifestyle, rapid urbanization, growth of commuting, tobacco use, uncontrolled growth and consumption of processed foods and beverages, indoor air pollution, road-traffic injuries, lack of awareness about healthful behavioral patterns, and psychological pressure are among the important factors responsible for such non-communicable diseases. The present study was conducted with the goal of observing any association between dyslipidemia and dietary habits in men and women. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to observe the association of dyslipidemia with dietary habits. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study duration was one year, from March 2016 to February 2017. Non-probability sampling method was used to select a total of 245 dyslipidemia cases from the adult population attending the BSMMU outpatient department during the study period. Result: The majority of the dyslipidemic patients had isolated hypercholesterolemia. All types of dyslipidemia had a significantly higher prevalence among the male population. Mixed hyperlipidemia was significantly higher among the older population. Statistical significance was only observed among the total cholesterol levels and the male population and TG level and the female population of mixed hyperlipidemic subjects in regards to healthy food consumption. Unhealthy food consumption had a high correlation with dyslipidemia in both male and female population. Conclusion: The study shows that isolated hypercholesterolemia is prevalent. Food habits also have an impact on lipid profile among study subjects. Healthy foods are mostly associated with high HDL-C. Unhealthy food consumption has a high correlation with dyslipidemia in both male and female populations.

School social workers are trained health professionals who provide important services directly to students and sometimes to teachers in their institutions. They act as the connection for schools, homes and community services to help students’ educational, emotional, and developmental needs. Many of them practice in private and public schools. Not many school social educators could discharge their duties to their maximum capacity, their roles are changing in schools due to lack of necessary equipment for learners, as a result of changes in economic situation in Nigeria. The study investigated the extent the required equipment for the teaching of learners with special needs are available in their schools; the changing roles of social workers in schools; and the effects of the changing roles of social work educators on students with special needs and members of the society. The study was carried out using qualitative research approach. Structured questionnaire guided the focus group discussion. Interaction was done with social work educators in their randomly selected schools for students with special needs in Osun State, Nigeria. Findings revealed that social workers trained people with special needs to make good use of their skills to prepare materials and goods for self-development; schools used different methods to communicate and sensitise parents, and the entire community to take their children to these schools. Also, the roles of social work educators are changing as they have to source for ways of getting equipment for learners, by pleading to philanthropists or religious bodies for the provision of these equipment, as the learners’ needs could not be met either by the government or their parents. This study is contributing to the knowledge of everyone that teaching people with special needs cannot be effective without the use of instructional materials. Observations revealed apart from lack of equipment, educators’ services also faced suspicion, criticisms and neglect by some members of the society. Based on these findings, it was recommended that social work educators be not discouraged due to lack of instructional materials or equipment for the use of their students with special needs, or comments from members of the society, but take the work as a call to serve humanities in their society.

Introduction: Wellens syndrome or anterior interventricular artery (AIV) disease is an electrocardiographic abnormality defined by the presence, apart from painful episodes, of biphasic T waves in the anterior leads (type 1), or deeply inverted T waves (type 2) in association with critical stenosis of the proximal AIV. It warrants aggressive management given the rather high incidence of death and re-infarction. Objectif: To report an atypical form of this syndrome through this observation and to provide an update on this rare entity through a literature review. Case report: A 48-year-old patient, chronic smoker with 40 BPs still active, admitted following an episode of infarct chest pain. At admission, the patient was asymptomatic. The clinical examination was unremarkable. The ECG showed biphasic T waves, negative in its terminal part in V2-V3-V4, without planed R waves, nor Q waves of necrosis or significant ST abnormality evoking a WELLENS type 1 syndrome. Ultrasensitive troponin was measured at 260 ng/L. The evolution was marked by the appearance of a fleeting negativation of T waves, without chest pain. Chest echocardiography showed a non-dilated left ventricle with preserved systolic function and no detectable segmental or global kinetic disorders, associated with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. The coronary angiography performed in emergency shows tritroncular lesions, a very tight stenosis of the middle interventricular and the first diagonal, a tight stenosis of the middle circumflex and the middle right coronary, revealing a coronary artery bypass graft. Discussion and conclusion: Wellens syndrome is characterized by T-wave abnormalities that often fluctuate (from type 1 to type 2 or vice versa) during pain-free intervals, reflecting spontaneous reperfusion and the unstable nature of the coronary lesion found, which is represented mainly by involvement of the proximal AVI. Involvement of the middle IVA associated with other lesions is rarely observed. It is associated with a greater risk of anterior infarction or sudden death if not recognized and treated rapidly, so it seems essential to recognize the electrocardiographic criteria of this syndrome in order to propose coronary angiography for early revascularization.

Agricultural productivity under stress conditions can be accomplished by modifying cellular metabolism and molecular transformations of genetically modified plans with the help of nano-material-mediated facilitations. Horticultural crops are the main source of nutritional compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and organic acids. Osmotic stress combined with temperatures over 28°C caused a 30-45 percent blossom decline in several tomato varieties. Chili too is susceptible to drought stress, which can result in production losses of as much as 50 to 60 percent. Pigment and color retention are important determinants of vegetable and fruit quality and nutritional values. Genes involved in the enhancement of anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation during postharvest storage in red-fleshed kiwi. Targeted implementation of fruit-specific promoters with distinct up and low regulated epigenetic biomarkers might be useful in the expression of genes and reduces the side effects developed by constitutive promoters. Chitosan is one kind of these nanomaterials over-coated on post-harvested mangoes to secure its edible portion from rotting, increase its vitamin C contents, maintain its freshness, and increase shelf-life. The use of nanomaterials in the food industry reduces the cost of electricity applied in refrigeration for preservation purposes alongside maintaining the original vigor and vitality of the fruits like tomatoes.

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis advocates the ontology of language, arguing that language affects and even determines human thinking to some extent. In view of the fact that human thinking is abstract and intangible, and that values are the soul of the way of thinking, this paper compares the three sets of non-equivalent phenomena between Chinese and American languages and values. As a result, it can be exemplified that language cannot determine or influence values to a certain extent, that is, language cannot determine or influence people's thinking to a certain extent, thus revealing the irrationality of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. Through in-depth analysis of the differences between Chinese and American values as well as language characteristics, the cultural concepts behind language can be more deeply understood, which is conducive to improving the awareness of cross-cultural communication and enhancing cross-cultural communication ability; on the other hand, the accuracy and authenticity of language selection can also be improved so as to ensure the reliability in the translation practice.

Income inequality is considerably high and still growing, which may cause a significant loss of India’s human development and economic performance in the post-pandemic period. Thus, using cointegrating models viz; FMOLS, DOLS, CCR, and ARDL models, we scrutinize short-run as well as long-run impact of natural disaster, economic development, technological innovation, and human capital on income inequality in India. Results show that the natural disasters and economic development worsen income inequality in both short- and long-run. Further, India’s human capital also aggravates income inequality in the short run. In contrast, India’s technological innovation and human capital in the long run improve income distribution significantly. Finally, the policy suggestions are mentioned in the conclusion section. Our results are consistent and robust with alternative modelling.

The present study gathered data on the university computer assisted language learning (CALL) facilities in teaching English language. The participants of this study were 80 MA and PhD university teachers who were selected based on random sampling method at the Islamic Azad Universities, Iran. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire that asked the EFL university teachers to give their ideas on the university facilities of CALL in English language classrooms. Data were collected and analyzed through K-S test of normality and independent samples t-test. The results of the study showed that the facilities and equipment are poor and universities need to reassess CALL facilities in the classrooms. Regarding computer literacy and CALL skills, university teachers confirmed that computer facilities were not enough to run classes effectively.

Nowadays, skin disorders are considered very common affecting millions of people worldwide. Ageing, genetic, environmental factors and traumatic injuries are various factors that can lead to several skin disorders. Skin disorders are broadly classified as bacterial, viral, fungal and some other types as well. Some common diagnostic tests relevant for skin disorders include biopsy, scraping, culture, wood light, diascopy and specific skin tests. Medical therapy and physical therapy are the treatment modalities available for skin disorders. Medical therapy includes topical and systemic treatments while physical therapy consists of cryotherapy, phototherapy, photodynamic therapy, lasers and surgery. Topical drugs are the mainstay of treating skin disorders. Systemic drugs are taken directly by oral route or by parenteral route and are distributed throughout the body. The following categories of drugs are divided under topical therapy that includes cleansing agents, protective agents, moisturizing agents, drying agents, anti-itch agents, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-infective agents and keratolytics.

The term "evidence-based medicine" was coined in the 1980s to describe a method of determining the optimal treatment based on scientific evidence. In the early 1990s, the evidence-based practise movement began in England. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) or evidence-based practise (EBP) is the careful application of the best available evidence in making decisions regarding a patient's care. Evidence-based practise is both a philosophy and a methodology. The concept is based on the ethical principle that clients are entitled to the most effective interventions available. The approach of EBP is the way we go about finding and then implementing those interventions.

Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a relatively rare cardiac rhythm disorder entity encountered during pregnancy. However, its exacerbation under this physiological condition could be responsible, in certain cases, for life-threatening arrhythmias compromising both maternal and foetal prognosis. We report the observations of 03 pregnant women, without past medical history, presenting to the emergency room for palpitations related to a Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, complicated in one case with foetal death. The substantial severity of the WPW syndrome during pregnancy requires a prompt and adequate management strategy, based on a multidisciplinary cooperation between obstetricians, cardiologists and neonatologists.

anticoagulation therapy would be the removal of this arrhythmia and any future recurrence, a goal often difficult to achieve.The aim of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of atrial fibrillation cardioversion as well as the success predictive factors of sinus rhythm maintenance at one year following a successful cardioversion. Materials and methods: 50 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation underwent cardioversion: 70% by electrical shock and 30% by pharmacological means, the clinical characteristics of the patients the results of cardioversion and follow-up were collected and analyzed. Results: The average age of our patients was 53 years with a sex ratio of 2. 30% of patients had hypertensive heart disease, 8% ischemic heart disease, 8% dilated cardiomyopathy and the rest had no underlying heart disease. The average diameter of the left atrium was 41 mm and the average surface area was 20 cm². Primary success rate of cardioversion was 82% with better efficacy of electric shock compared to pharmacological cardioversion. The maintenance rate of sinus rhythm at 1 year was 70%. Predictive factors of failure and / or recurrence at 1 year were old atrial fibrillation and significant dilation of the left atrium. Conclusion: This study confirms the interest of atrial fibrillation cardioversion and underlines the importance of preliminary selection of the patients, such a selection must be made on the basis of the predictive factors of success usually recognized in the literature.

The present paper is concerned with the seismic risk assessment of buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A critical review of the existing literature is presented to identify the shortcomings of extant studies. None of the extant studies considered nonlinear action of the beam-column joint (BCJ) but rather they dealt with BCJ as a rigid element for simplicity and the only plastic hinging has been considered in beams and/or columns. Hence the main focus of this paper is to demonstrate the significant effects of the nonlinear action of BCJ in the pushover analysis and in turn the inadequacy of all previous studies which overlooked such effect. In this study, nonlinear static pushover analysis is performed on two-dimensional RC frames of existing buildings in Jeddah city, with and without using macro node elements and pushover curves are compared. The beam-column joint modelling approach adopted in this study is through macro node element which accounts for failure due to shear collapse of the joint, concrete crushing, flexural and/or shear plastic damage of the beams or columns connected and bond-slip failure. The results clearly indicate that the RC frame in which the beam-column joints were modeled using a macro node element, tends to have lesser base shear values and higher displacement capacity when compared to the RC frame modeled without using the macro node. Furthermore, the status of plastic hinges developed in building frames modeled without using macro node element was found to be within the Immediate occupancy (IO) performance level, but this hinge status drastically changed to Collapse prevention (CP) performance level when BCJ was modeled using macro node. Hence, the results highlight that the nonlinear action of beam-column joint has a significant effect on the nonlinear response of a structure.