Transformational leadership was operationalized as setting direction, staff development, building collaborative cultures, staffing the program, and academic performance as the KCSE mean score of a school for the period 2014 – 2018. The study arose from the fact that, high school principals are working hard yet the academic performance of public secondary schools in Kisumu County has remained generally poor. Between 2014 and 2018, only 26.9% of students from Kisumu County scored at least C+, and the average mean score in KCSE for the period was only 4.23, below 7.0, the cut out entry. At least 65% of the candidates from Kisumu County did not proceed to university education during the period. Several educational stakeholders had linked school leadership to the poor academic performance, but without empirical evidence. The study specifically investigated the influence of teaching staff development on the students’ academic performance in public secondary schools in Kisumu County. The study adopted a cross sectional survey research design. The target population consisted of 204 principals, 2,196 teachers, and 13,213 Form Three students. In sampling, Krejcie and Morgan table was used to find 152 principals, 333 teachers and 378 students, from 152 schools. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, observation and document analysis, and analyzed using simple linear, simple correlation, and stepwise regression with dummy variables, at .05 level of significance. The study tested specific hypothesis that staff development by principals do not have a significant influence on academic performance. The study found 7 significant associations at α = .01, (ϒSDR*DVP = .594, p = .000; ϒSDR*BCC = .476, p = .000; ϒDVP*BCC = .719, p = .000; ϒ =.416, p =.000; ϒ = .685, p =.000; ϒDVP*ACP = .239, p =.000; ϒBCC*ACP = .212, p = .000) and one significant association at α = .05, ϒSDR*ACP =.203, p = .012. The study found that staff development (good) [F (2,149) = 4.027), p = .020, R2 adj = .039, t (149) = 2.604, p = .010]. The study recommends that the ministry of education should empower principals with resources that will enable them to empower their teaching staff by training them on various needs that may arise in the society from time to time, and since the society is dynamic continuous provision of resources by the ministry would be ideal.

Background: Functional results after low anterior resection for rectal cancer are an issue of increasing attention among colorectal surgeons and others interested in this subject. The aim of the study to compare the nocturnal bowel movement and frequency of bowel movement between TCP & SA groups after low anterior resection. This study also compare the urgency of bowel movement between two groups and the incontinence of flatus & loose stool between two groups. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Surgery Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Shahbag, Dhaka, during 1st January 2016 to 30lh June 2017. For this purpose, a total of 40 patients with low rectal cancer undergoing low anterior or ultra-low anterior resection with TCP or straight anastomosis in the above mentioned hospital were both male & female patients and age group (18-75 years) were enrolled in this study. Data was expressed as mean with standard deviation (Mean±SD). Collected Data were statically analyzed applying student‘t’ test and chi-square test using SPSS-24. P value of <0.05 was considered statically significant. Results: The mean age was 45.9±13.29 years in group-I and 47.55±10.86 years in group-II. Male female ratio was 1.2:1 in TCP group and 1.5:1 in SA group. Anal tone on 3rd month 1(5.0%) in group-I and 10(50.0%) in group-II. Anal tone was significantly (p<0.05) improve in group I at 3rd month. Finger grip on 3rd month 18(90.0%) in group-I and 19(95.0%) in group-II. Finger grip was almost alike between two group, no statistical significant (p>0.05) was found between two groups. Conclusion: Most of the patients were in 5th and above decade and male predominant. Transverse coloplasty pouch anastomosis provided not only better functional results than straight anastomosis, but also improved quality of life, thus may be the better choice.

The aim of this study was to determine the parameters of acute toxicity of venom of the kind Tetraponera, on the rats. It was an experimental prospective study carried out at the traditional phytotherapy center of treatment of “ASMASIDAP”, during 5 months, from 1st Feburary to June 30, 2015 and in the laboratory of the FMSP of the University of Douala. This center is situated in Ebang-Mekong, Bikok subdivisionin and Méfou and Akono division; the sampling consisted of a group of 42 rats distributed in 6 batches plus one witness. The lethal dose 50 obtained by the graphical method of Muller and Tainter gave us a value of 653.5 ± 0.12 mg / kg of body weight; The rats, after receiving the injections, hugged each other, squirmed, squealed, their heartbeats seemed to speed up. This study determined the LD50, which, according to scale of Hodge and Sterner, would be slightlytoxic. This study permits us to determine the acute toxicity of venom of kind of tetraponra. LD50 = 653.50mg/Kg of body weight.

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) (Forestier syndrome) is a rheumatologic disease, the etiology of which is not exactly known. It is characterized by spinal osteophyte formations resulting from the ossification of the paravertebral ligaments and muscles. Anterior longitudinal ligament is the usual site of involvement and the frequency of the disease increases after the 5th decade. Lower cervical segments are the most frequently involved regions whereas the upper cervical involvement leading to dysphagia is very rare. In this report, a 65-year-old patient with Forestier syndrome in lower cervical region presenting with dysphagia was presented. Anterior cervical osteophyte resection was performed with no need for discectomy, fusion or stabilization. The patient showed a significant improvement in his all preoperative symptoms, and no recurrence was detected at 1-year follow-up.

Intracranial meningiomas continue to challenge our best clinical efforts to eliminate them once discovered and deemed appropriate for treatment. Malignant meningiomas constitute 10% to 15% of all meningiomas and limited information exists regarding adjuvant treatment. The external whole brain irradiation is recommended. Traditional chemotherapy has proven ineffective; thus, new chemotherapeutic agents and new methods of delivery should be developed. Immunotherapy may be considered for patients with malignant meningiomas when all others previous treatment have failed. We report a case of anaplastic papillary meningioma. A 60-year-old woman presented with a 10-year history of gradually decreasing olfactory function. A magnetic resonance image demonstrated a large Olfactory groove meningioma. The tumor and the infiltrated dura were radically removed. Postoperatively, the patient remained neurologically intact. The treatment was complemented by external whole brain radiation.

This study investigates the conjugate effects of Darcy parameter and point/line heat source/sink on natural convective, electrically conductive laminar fluid between two infinite vertical plates. The closed form solution to the resulting governing equations is been solved analytically using Laplace transform method, the effect of various parameters embedded in the flow is discussed with aid of line graphs and Tables. During the course of computation, excellent result was found.

Hausawa na ɗaya daga cikin al’ummu da Allah ya azurta da ɗimbin mawaƙa. Tun inda aka fito, Bahaushe na amfani da waƙa a kusan dukkan ɓangarori ko al’amuran rayuwarsa. Wannan ya haɗa da sana’o’i (noma da saƙa da dukanci da farauta da sarkanci da ƙira da makamantansu), da kuma zamantakewa da bukukuwa da gyaran muhalli da ma sauran sha’anonin da rayuwar Bahaushe ke ƙunshe da su. Sai dai kamar yadda akan ce; “Idan kiɗa ya canza, rawa ma sai ta canza,” haka ma siga da salon waƙoƙin Hausa na canzawa tare da canjin zamani. A yau zamani ya kai, an samu mawaƙa da dama da ke amfani da kayan kiɗa na zamani yayin rera waƙoƙinsu. Sai dai wani abu shi ne, mawaƙan ƙasar Hausa na fuskantar tsangwama. Sau da dama matsayinsu ga idon jama’a ba ya wuce maroƙa ko limamen shashanci. Wannan ne ya sanya mawaƙa da dama ke rera waƙoƙi da ke nuna ƙorafinsu ga hakan. Wannan takarda ta nazarci ɗaya da cikin waɗannan waƙoƙi mai suna Waƙar Ranar Mawaƙa wanda Fati da Kasim suka rera. Sakamakon nazarin na nuna cewa; mawaƙa na fuskantar tsangwama a ƙasar Hausa. Sannan al’umma ba ta tallafa wa waɗannan mawaƙa ta fuskar shawarwari da sauran abubuwa da suka dace. Daga ƙarshe an ba da shawarwari da suka haɗa da, a riƙa jawo mawaƙa jiki tare da ƙarfafa musu guiwa da nusar da su kan samar da waƙoƙi masu amfani ga al’umma ta fuskar ilimi da zamantakewa.

Introduction: To choose whether to end the pregnancy and how to deliver the baby, obstetricians require a precise estimation of gestational age. Other criteria can be useful when inaccurate menstrual history cannot be utilized to estimate gestational age. One such element is the fetal sacral length, which may be measured using ultrasound. Numerous criteria have been utilized in conjunction with ultrasonography to estimate gestational age. However, only the first and second trimesters of pregnancy are when all of these metrics are trustworthy. They become less accurate as the pregnancy goes on for a number of reasons, with the third trimester having the most fluctuation at around 3 to 3.5 weeks. Methods: A total of 200 pregnant women participated in this prospective observational study at the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. The research was carried out between January 2001 and December 2002. Result: The participants' average age was 24.54 years. Only 3% of the participants were in the oldest age range of 36-40 years, with 38 percent of the participants being between the ages of 21 and 25. The average height of the participants was 150-154 cm in 52 percent of the cases. The mean SD height and weight were 152.40±3.44 cm and 54.80±4.45 kg, respectively. There is a strong positive relationship between fetal sacral length and gestational age, according to BPD and FL. The relationship between gestational age and fetal sacral length was demonstrated to be statistically significant. There was no statistically significant relationship between fetal sacral length and maternal height. Conclusion: Fetal sacral length and gestational age are closely connected. Sacral length can be used consistently as an extra metric during pregnancy in conjunction with other established parameters if it is assessed precisely with a high-resolution ultrasound scanner.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the ethanolic extract of Persea americana (avocado) on the haematological parameters of male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups of five rats each. They were treated with ethanolic extract of Persea americana (except the control group). Group 1 received distilled water, Group 2 received 200mg/kg of the extract and Group 3 received 400mg/kg of the extract. The administration was done for 21 days. At the end of the administration, the rats were sacrificed under chlorofoam aneaesthesia and blood samples obtained and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 21.0. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare means. There was a significant (p<0.5) increase in packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. There was no significant change in platelet count, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, neutrophils count, lymphocytes count, eosinophil and monocyte count, Result of the present study has shown that the ethanolic stem bark extract of Persea americana improved the red cell series and may be useful in treatment of anaemia because of its ability to cause a significant increase in PCV, RBC and Hb concentration.

Yoga is a way to achieve complete balance between the body, mind, and soul. The Sanskrit word yuj, which implies union, is where the word yoga first appeared. Fusion of the individual and the collective mind. Practicing yoga can help you keep your equilibrium. Avoiding various health issues requires proper equilibrium. Your body gains a lot from yoga. Your ability to focus and how you approach problems both increase. It's a lifetime choice rather than just an activity. Your mind, body, and spirit will all benefit from it in various ways.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health problem in both developing and developed countries. Medical students should have adequate knowledge about STI as they will be dealing with patients in future. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude about STIs among medical students. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the 184 medical third year students of private medical colleges of Dhaka. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic information, knowledge of STIs and attitude towards it. The response format was based on a 3-point Likert scale. Frequency distribution was calculated for statistical analysis. Results: One hundred and eighty-four students participated in this study of which 76 (41%) were males and 108 (59%) were females. All of the respondents had ever heard about STIs. Internet was the most frequently source of information for STIs. Most of the students had fair knowledge about the sign and symptoms, transmission, complication and prevention methods of STIs but there were also students who didn’t knew and had misconceptions. Attitude of the students towards STIs was variable. Conclusion: This study indicates the gaps in the knowledge of medical students about STIs. Further research should be performed to investigate the reason behind this gap. Moreover, additional emphasis on the knowledge of STIs and prevention should be implemented into the curriculums.

The purpose of this study is (1) to analyze how the type of thinking style of UNILA new students in 2021. (2) to analyze how the type of emotional response of UNILA freshmen in 2021. (3) to analyze the types of communication patterns of UNILA new students in 2021. Research this was carried out simultaneously with the moment of orientation for new students at the University of Lampung in 2021. Descriptive quantitative research methods were used in this study. The subjects in this study were 5,065 new UNILA students in 2021. The survey method was used in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis using the SPSS version 22 application tool. The researcher found that (1) the majority of new students (43.3%) had a reflection type of thinking style. (2) the majority of new students (38.7%) had emotional response pattern with empathic type. (3) the majority of new students (43.4%) have a patterned communication pattern.

Maritime trade is dynamic and indispensable for economic growth and development around the World. This trade if not well monitored can become a threat to development considering the illicit and criminal transactions that surrounds the sector. In Cameroon, this informal trade has degraded customs income and promoted the infiltration of contraband goods into the country via local anchorage sites where custom services are weak. This trade has affected the State pricing policy of certain goods especially fuel. It is against this background that this study sets out to investigate, seaborne trade, and the illegal transactions that are common along the Fako coastal belt of Cameroon. Data for the study have been gathered from secondary and primary sources. Secondary data were gleaned from soft and hard copies of both published and unpublished documents, newspapers, and decrees relevant to maritime transport and trade. Primary data were sourced from field surveys where a simple random sampling technique was used to administer 278 copies of questionnaires to 10 localities along the Fako coastal belt of Cameroon using a convenient sample size. Supplementary primary data was gotten via interviews and observations in the three seaports along the coast. Results revealed that the Limbe, Tiko and Idenau ports though secondary, handles thousands of tonnes of cargo annually making Fako Division where they are located in Cameroon an eminent trading hub. Statistics from the Limbe Port Authority (PAL) indicated an increasing trend of export and imports annually in thousands of tonnes. The results shows that illicit seaborne trade is very common along this coastal belt with over 67 percent of the goods coming in from neighbouring Nigeria. The illicit product identified are petroleum products (46.2%), pharmaceutical products (30 %), food items (16.7%) and chemical fertilizers and others (5.3% and 3.8%) respectively. The results also revealed that in the year 2021 between January and August, over 18 cases of illicit goods were intercepted along this coastline with petroleum products destined to Limbe, Tiko and Idenau ports dominating. The reasons for the persistency of this illicit trade were corruption and the existence of a network of illegal organisation that transact the goods. This study recommends that custom and naval services be reinforced along this coastal belt to ascertain the type and originality of the products entering the country via the sea. Also, the State should investigate and dismantle illicit and organised illegal seaborne trade chains and charge officials at the maritime frontiers to be responsible and corruption free.

Illicit financial flows remain a serious problem to both developed and developing countries with tremendous negative impact on the economy. Although the police is there to investigate offences, certain offences are more sophisticated in nature thereby, necessitating the establishment of specialized agencies to investigate such offences. Nigeria and Cameroon have very common similarities when it comes to corruption and efforts to eliminate it led to the creation of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the National Agency for Financial Investigation (ANIF). These agencies have the mandate to fight against money laundering and terrorist financing but the mandate of the EFCC is more extended with tremendous powers to investigate and directly prosecute offenders. ANIF does not have such powers and only report to the prosecution after investigation. This is attributed to the fact it is Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) whose functions are usually limited to collection, analysis and dissemination of information related to money laundering, associated predicate offences and the financing of terrorism. Cameroon has opted for the administrative model lodged within the Ministry of Finance. The objective of this paper is that it seeks to make a comparative study of the EFCC and ANIF in the fight against financial crimes and to draw a line as to the model that is more efficient. To achieve this, a qualitative research approach was adopted. Accordingly, the doctrinal method was used which enabled us to do an on desk analysis of the available secondary and primary data on the EFCC and ANIF. This paper recommends that more sophisticated means should be given to the EFCC and that the CEMAC sub region should adopt the Nigerian model which has proven to be more successful in combating illicit financial flows.

Diabetes is a growing health concern worldwide and now emerging as an epidemic world over. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia or increased blood glucose levels, resulting from insufficient or inefficient insulin secretion, with alterations in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Type-2 diabetes is the most prevalent form, of the total diabetics about 90% have type-2 diabetes, which is characterized by post-prandial hyperglycaemia (increase in blood sugar level after a meal). Many medicinal plants are reported to have insulin-mimetic effect, modulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of carbohydrate digesting enzymes. The currently available anti diabetic agents include sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones and alpha glucos idase inhibitors and are widely used to control the hyperglycemia. These drugs fail significantly to alter the course of diabetic complications. They have limited use because of undesirable pathological conditions and high rates of secondary failure. This it is essential to look for more effective antidiabetic agents with fewer side effects. Traditional medicinal plants having anti diabetic properties can be a useful source for the development of safer and effective oral hypoglycaemic agents. More than 350 traditional plants are used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which have been recorded. Only a small number of these have received scientific and medical evaluation to assess their efficacy. However, plant remedies are the mainstream of treatment in underdeveloped regions. This review focuses on diabetes mellitus and the role of plants in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.