Law enforcement of the crime of Pratima theft in Bali does not provide a sense of justice for traditional law communities as victims. In response to this, it is necessary to construct law enforcement for the crime of Pratima theft to achieve a sense of justice, benefit, and legal certainty for the Balinese customary law community. This research method is sociological law (sociological jurisprudence), emphasizing the study of the operation of law in traditional law communities in Bali. The object of the study is the legal facts related to the crime of Pratima theft. Based on the research results, it was found that law enforcement prioritized legal certainty rather than social justice itself. The Balinese traditional law community desires fair and beneficial law enforcement. The provisions on the principle of legality in deciding pratima theft cases in Bali do not prevent the application of laws that exist in society. Judges should also apply customary criminal sanctions, thereby demonstrating that criminal law policies protect customary law communities. In imposing sanctions, the panel of judges is expected to be guided by the harmony of law enforcement objectives, based on local wisdom. The application of the Tri Hita Karana concept as local wisdom in customary criminal sanctions shows that criminal law policy provides a sense of justice and protects customary law communities as victims, and restores harmony in the lives of Balinese customary law communities.

Competition law is a tool first employed by countries more than a hundred years ago, to address issues relating to restrictions on competition conducted by private firms. Competition law is still predominantly an instrument to resolve national problems while the dominance of market based economies in the last fifty years, particularly following the collapse of the eastern bloc, in combination with improvements in transport, communications and technology have progressively dismantled national borders and internationalized trade. Against this backdrop, the objective of this paper is to examine the role of stakeholders in the regulation of competition among business enterprises in Cameroon. In carrying out this research, the doctrinal method was engaged, drawing from primary and secondary sources of data. It is therefore, recommended inter alia that, business enterprises should strictly observe and adhere to the mechanisms put in place in ensuring fair competition so as to guarantee a much better level of stability and sustainability in doing business in Cameroon.

This study examines the interplay between benefit sharing and livelihood improvement within the Bakossi National Park (BNP) within the legal perspective. Traditionally, conservation efforts often placed local communities at odds with protected areas. However, through a doctrinal methodology, this research argues that a well-designed benefit-sharing program can foster collaboration and improve the lives of local communities. By analyzing the BNP as a case study, the research explores how initiatives like revenue sharing from timber exploitation, tourism, employment opportunities within the park, and community driven projects can generate income and empower local communities. The effectiveness of these programs hinges on understanding the specific needs of the communities and ensuring their equitable participation in decision-making processes. Ultimately, this study contends that successful benefit sharing in PAs management, like the BNP, can create a win-win situation, where biodiversity is preserved, and local communities thrive. The work concludes with robust recommendations that if complied with and enforced, it would go a long way to improve on the livelihood of local communities in the Bakossi National Park of Cameroon.

The leading environmental risk factor for disease and premature death is pollution, with plastic and dye pollutants being the most common in developing countries. The global textile industry contributes to pollution by releasing contaminated wastewater into water bodies, leading to a decline in water quality. Plastic pollution is a widespread issue affecting various environments, emphasizing the urgent need for a global response to combat the adverse effects of pollution on human health and the environment. Anoxybacillus sp. PDR2 is a soil bacterium possessing natural competence. By nature, it is a thermophile, capable of biodegrading industrial dyes. Pseudomonas sp. B10, Gram-negative bacteria, is a strain capable of degrading Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic. To detect the genome-level mutations, comparative genomic analysis was performed using a free and open source software, Galaxy. Using five different variant callers (Samtools, Varscan, Freebayes, Sniffles, Ivar), mutations were detected at various loci resulting in the modifications of the genes. The primary goal of this investigation was to perform a comparative analysis of the whole genome sequencing of two bacterial species, along with their reference strains. The purpose was to identify potential solutions for the degradation of plastics and industrial dyes. By examining the genetic composition of these bacteria, this analysis had provided valuable insights into the genetic makeup of these bacteria and their ability to break down PETs and dyes.

We report a case of Clostridium limosum lung abscess in a 71-year-old male heart transplant recipient. The patient presented with a week-long history of productive cough and confusion. His medical history included nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, chronic renal disease, and past Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia, among others. Imaging revealed a thick-walled cavitary lesion in the right lung, initially suspected to be a pulmonary abscess. Lung biopsy culture confirmed the presence of Clostridium limosum, a rare pathogen in humans, typically associated with farm animals. Following six weeks of Piperacillin/Tazobactam treatment, the patient showed significant clinical improvement. This case emphasizes the importance of considering zoonotic pathogens in immunosuppressed patients, especially those with occupational exposure.

This study investigates the optimization and prediction of non-elastic performance factors required to augment the pipeline weldments' structural integrity and strength. The study's main focus is on the components of the operation, like the welding current, voltage, and gas flow rate to optimize and predict the corrosion rate of the pipeline weldment. Utilizing Design Expert software for experimental design and data analysis, the study employs the Central Composite Design (CCD) methodology to generate a quadratic model that predicts the responses effectively. The research also integrates Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to further enhance the prediction accuracy. Experimental results indicate that the optimal welding parameters 160 amps current, 21.28 volts voltage, and 14.67 liters/min gas flow rate—yield a corrosion rate of 0.018 mm/yr. The study concludes that both RSM and ANN can be effectively used for optimization and prediction in welding processes, with RSM showing slightly better predictive capabilities.

Money laundering is a stand-alone crime, although money laundering is born from its original crime, such as corruption, but the anti-money laundering regime in almost all countries places money laundering as a crime independent of its original crime. In handling narcotics criminal cases, the suspect's wife is sometimes made a suspect in a money laundering crime. Seeing this, clear restrictions are needed in order to achieve legal certainty, legal protection and justice for wives who are determined to be perpetrators of money laundering crimes. This is qualitative research using a statutory approach, case and conceptual approaches. The primary legal materials resulted from relevant laws and legislation. The legal material collected is analysed prescriptively. The results show that there is a difference in treatment of the perpetrator's wife in almost the same narcotics criminal cases, indicating that investigators in money laundering criminal cases do not yet have standard procedures. Hence, the assessment is based on the investigator's subjectivity. As a special crime, the crime of money laundering requires formulating procedural law that is different from ordinary criminal procedural law.

Background: Various liver disorders require histological assessment for proper diagnosis, staging, treatment, or follow-up. We determine indications and histological outcomes of liver biopsy samples. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two patients were consecutively recruited from four health centers within Sokoto metropolis over a five-year period (March 2019 to February 2023). Fifty one subjects that consented had a liver biopsy done for various indications. The tissues obtained were taken for histopathologic evaluations. Results: In the majority of the subjects, 39 (76.5%) the clinical indications for liver biopsy was Chronic viral Hepatitis infections (CVHI) while 7(13.7%) and 5(9.8) of the subjects had clinical indications of unexplained liver mass and fatty liver disease respectively. In all, fifty one subjects had liver biopsy. Histological outcomes were: Chronic Hepatitis 37 (72.5%), followed by HCC with 6 (11.8%), steatohepatitis 4(7.8%) then one subjects each for steatosis and secondary metastasis to the liver. Among the subjects with histological findings of Chronic Hepatitis majority of them either having mild necroinflammation 13(35.1%) or moderate necroinflammation 14(40.5%). Significant fibrosis was found in over 40% of the patients, with 2(5.6%) having histological conclusion of liver cirrhosis. The degree of inflammation and fibrosis from chronic hepatitis was not statistically significant between genders. Conclusions: Despite advancements made in available facilities in diagnosing liver diseases, tissue still plays a significant role. This is particularly so in regions with hyper- endemicity for CHBVI and low socio-economic standards.

Background and Objectives: Budd–Chiari syndrome is a vascular disorder of the liver which can cause fulminant liver injury and lethal portal hypertension-related complications. It is a rare disease and can be primary or secondary. The objective of our work is to detail evolution, treatment of patients with BCS and MPN according to the experience of a Moroccan center. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study in the university hepato-gastroenterology department including all patients with BCS and MPN with portal hypertension (PH) over a period of 29 years. All our patients benefited from an etiological work-up and morphological explorations. Results: Out of a total 29 patients had BCS, 4 had MPN with a prevalence of 10%. Clinically, the signs of decompensated PH were predominant. Imaging confirmed BCS. The etiological work-up showed that all our patients had essential thrombocytemia. We had also association of other prothrombotic factors in 50 % of cases and a portal thrombosis in 25% of cases. Our patients had received treatment for the causative disease and treatment of thrombosis associated with the treatment of PH complications. The evolution was marked by the death of 2 patients (50%). Conclusion: The strong association between MPN and BCS is well established. The knowledge of the molecular mutations underlying MPN has dramatically improved in the last decade, allowing early diagnosis of MPN in a significant portion of BCS patient.

Ocular involvement related to treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors is a rare adverse effect that may lead to irreversible outcomes. We illustrate through this report a case of optic atrophy under Etanercept in a patient with spondyloarthritis. The diagnosis was suspected due to visual acuity impairment, and was confirmed by ophthalmological examination. Although the TNF-blockers were discontinued and corticosteroids were administered, the follow-up examination did not reveal any improvement in visual acuity. This is a potential serious complication of TNF inhibitors that rheumatologists should recognize when monitoring patients with rheumatic diseases.

Background: Sexual abuse in adolescents is a global public health issue with severe physical, psychological, and long-term effects. In Bangladesh, societal stigma, underreporting, and weak legal enforcement further exacerbate the issue. Objectives: The primary objective is to evaluate the prevalence and patterns of sexual abuse among adolescents in three Dhaka schools, with secondary objectives to assess their clinical, demographic, and mental health status. Method and Materials: This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the prevalence of sexual abuse among 130 adolescents (aged 13-19) from three private schools in Dhaka, selected through purposive sampling. Data will be collected using a pre-tested questionnaire administered by trained research assistants. The data will be analyzed using SPSS and STATA for both descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The study included 130 adolescents, with boys making up 53.8% and girls 46.2%. The most prevalent form of sexual abuse was verbal abuse, reported by 46.2% of participants, followed by physical touch (30.8%) and online abuse (15.4%). Peers or schoolmates were the primary perpetrators in 38.5% of cases, while 19.2% reported abuse by strangers. Notably, 46.2% of the adolescents did not report the abuse to anyone. Of those who did, 30.8% informed school authorities, and 23.1% confided in their family. Conclusion: Children, particularly girls, are highly vulnerable to sexual abuse due to lack of parental awareness, weak reporting systems, and difficulty in disclosing abuse. Strengthening community vigilance and reporting mechanisms is essential to protect them.

This study investigated the impact of CEO Shareholding on discretionary accrual of listed firms on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study used the ex-post facto research design. This informed the reliance on secondary data obtained from the published annual reports and accounts of a sample of eighty-six (86) non-finance companies and the sample size was determined via the Taro Yamane Formula. The study employed judgmental sampling technique based on certain criteria. The study employed CEO Shareholding (independent variables) while discretionary accruals via the Modified Jones Model. (Dependent variable) Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in the analysis of data. The major findings derived from this study CEO Shareholding insignificantly affect discretionary accrual. The study recommends that share-based option of executive compensation given to top business executives be encouraged as this has the tendency of increasing organizational productivity, efficiency and help reduce dysfunctional behavior among chief executive officers since their investments are also as stake, hence there will be goal congruence and the resultant effect reducing dysfunctional behavior. In addition, this study contributes to knowledge by providing empirical evidence that CEO Shareholding are not prime instigator of discretionary accrual in non –financial sector of Nigeria listed companies and the developed model can be used by researchers in both developed and developing countries.

Exophthalmos is typically associated with Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Although originally described by Harvey Cushing, exophthalmos is an underappreciated sign of Cushing’s syndrome. We present a case of a patient aged 40 years with no pathological history presenting with generalized asthenia associated with weight loss of 15kg for 2 months, epigastralgia and incoercible vomiting. Clinical examination revealed a normotensive, normocardiac patient with pain on epigastric palpation, bilateral exophthalmos, and an unremarkable cervical examination No cushingoid syndrome especially no facial erythrosis, no purple stretch marks, no buffalo hump, no amyotrophy of the lower limbs. An abdominal CT scan performed before the abdominal pain revealed an adrenal incidentaloma, a right adrenal nodule, well limited, of low density, homogeneous, very discreetly and homogeneously enhanced after injection of contrast medium, whose hemodynamic behavior was in favor of a benign adenoma. The patient underwent surgery for right adrenalectomy, with morphological and immunohistochemical findings in favour of adrenocortical carcinoma, with clinical and biological improvement. We discuss the possible mechanisms causing exophthalmos in patients with either endogenous or exogenous hypercortisolemia.

In GH deficiency, rhGH is deemed appropriate when epiphyses are open, while Turner's syndrome poses unique considerations due to associated malformations like cardiac aortic bicuspidity and aortic coarctation. Renal malformations, including Horseshoe kidney and hydronephrosis, further highlight the complexity of Turner's syndrome, requiring a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to care. We report the case about of an elderly child 3 years and 5 months old patient with cardiac and renal malformations notably a tight postductal isthmic coarctation and a left pyeloureteral junction syndrome with dilatation of the pyelocalic cavities, admitted for further management of a staturo-ponderal delay. She presented with functional signs of constipation, no chills, no digestive disorders and no hypoglycemic malaise. On physical examination, dysmorphic features included low hairline and short neck, pterygium coli, low ear implant, hypertelorism, nipple spread, keloid lesion on face. Test results showed a 45x karyotype in favour of Turner syndrome, HBA1c: 5.6%, the rest of the tests were normal. GH was indicated in the patient after cardiac surgery for coarctation of the aorta and pyelo-caliceal junction. The patient was referred for heart and kidney surgery. It is crucial to closely monitor height velocity during catch-up growth, particularly in patients with concurrent conditions leading to short stature. Additionally, there is an emphasis on educating parents about the potential impact of Turner syndrome on aspects such as growth, growth hormone (GH) substitution, ovarian failure, malformations, and related health risks.

Introduction: Sports injuries can have long-term psychological and physical ramifications. For instance, concussions can affect a person's quality of life by causing a variety of cognitive problems and emotional swings. Joint injuries can also make athletes more susceptible to musculoskeletal issues in the future, which could limit their capacity to exercise and lower their level of enjoyment and general well-being. Gaining a thorough grasp of the mental health and psychological well-being unique to top athletes may help to improve models of treatment and management for this group, which might ultimately lead to improved performance, lower risk of injuries and improve quality of life. Sport professionals, such as coaches, medical personnel, and sport psychologists, need to have this understanding in order to help elite athletes improve their mental wellness by helping them build coping mechanisms. Methods: The study was performed in NIMS University, in 2024. The survey contained information about the purpose and objectives of the study, informed consent, sociodemographic questions, questions related to mental health, life satisfaction and level of injury questionnaires concerning various aspects of well-being (stress level, depression, anxiety, satisfaction, and physical health, level of physical, mental and social functioning). Result: In this study, a total of 258 participants were included in the analysis. The average age of the participants was 19.5 years, with 52.7% of the sample being women and 47.3% men. Conclusion: A distinct set of pressures that elite athletes face might make them more susceptible to mental illness. Important elements include coping with continuous performance pressure from competition, the psychological effects of injuries, life satisfaction, overtraining, and burnout, and intensive public and media scrutiny.