Background: In the past couple of decades, considerable importance has been given on the role of myofibroblasts (MFs) in tumour progression and prognosis. Myofibroblasts create a physical barrier between carcinoma cells and immune system of the: body against cancer. Hence; the present study was undertaken for assessing the expression of myofibroblast in oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and comparing it with healthy controls. Materials & Methods: A total of 20 biopsy specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Complete demographic details and clinical data of all the specimens were obtained from data records. Two sections were obtained from each specimen: one for staining immune-histo-chemically using α- SMA antibody (alpha-smooth muscle actin antibody) and other for staining with haematoxylin and eosin. Criteria described by Etemad-Moghadam S et al were used for evaluating the expression of myofibroblast. Based on these criteria, staining index was graded as zero, moderate and high. Blood capillaries were taken as positive controls. Comparison was done in between the OSCC group and the control group. All the results were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were analysed by SPSS software. Results: In the OSCC group, 90 percent of the cases had high staining index of myofibroblast, while the remaining 10 percent of the cases had moderate staining index. In the control group, all the specimens showed negative staining index. While comparing statistically, it was observed that mean staining was significantly higher among OSCC group in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Myofibroblast play a definitive role in the invasive behaviour of OSCC. Hence, it is suggested that myofibroblasts might be used as a stromal marker for observing the severity and progression of OSCC.