Abstract: Schwannoma is a tumor developed at the expense of Schwann cells. It is a very rare tumor both by its frequency and its retroperitoneal location. Varied presentation and difficult preoperative diagnosis. Although the vast majority of schwannomas are benign, there are malignant forms frequently associated with Von Recklinghausen's syndrome. Its diagnosis is histological and its surgical treatment consists of a complete excision of the mass due to a tumor degenerative risk. We report a case of a 59-year-old patient, followed for chronic pelvic pain associated with digestive signs, ultrasonography and scanner showed a pelvic retroperitoneal mass of 8x6 cm long axis. Exeresis was performed by laparotomy. The histological and immunological study concluded to a benign schwannoma. The clinical and paraclinical evolution over 5 years did not show local or distant recurrence. Through a review of the literature we recall the frequency, diagnosis, imaging data, treatment and evolution of this rare tumor.