Cancer encompasses a group of disorders characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cellular growth, capable of invading nearby tissues and metastasizing to distant organs. It remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with a rising burden in developing countries. This review explores the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and impact of cancer on patients’ quality of life (QoL). Cancer affects physical health through pain, fatigue, and treatment-related complications, while also influencing psychological well-being, social functioning, and financial stability. Early detection, evidence-based treatment, and supportive care are essential to improve outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach, particularly involving nursing professionals, plays a crucial role in enhancing patient care and overall QoL.