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Saudi Journal of Oral and Dental Research (SJODR)
Volume-11 | Issue-02 | 64-75
Original Research Article
The Influence of Dental Implant Thread Geometry on Failure Modes and Fracture Behavior
Adil Elmokhtar A. Esslami, Hlal Naser Nsier, Raga. A.B. Abuatwirat, Intesar Hassan Rih
Published : Feb. 9, 2026
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/sjodr.2026.v11i02.004
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of variable dental implant thread shapes upon the failure mode and fracture behavior. Sixty custom made grade 4 titanium dental implants screws were manufactured according to the type of thread form and classified into; V-Form (Group 1), Square Form (Group 2), Buttress Form (Group 3) and Reverse But-tress Shape (Group 4); with Standard lab analysis set up following ISO14801 Protocol. The implants were mounted in an acrylic block and subjected to a 30° off-axis compression loading using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The mode of failure was analyzed using a Stereomicroscope. The fractured surfaces of failed specimens were examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the failure mode distribution (p>0.05). Four different failure types were observed: Breaking the fixture and screw, breaking the abutment and screw, breakage of the screw or deformation of the hole implant system part. SEM fractography examination indicated a ductile fracture mechanism through plastic deformation of the implants fixture and abutment screws. Additionally, four distinct failure modes were identified: fixture and screw fracture, abutment and screw fracture, screw fracture, and hole implant component deformations. SEM fractography analysis showed a ductile fracture mode with plastic deformation of the implants fixture and abutment screws. The results of this study suggest that different thread forms failure mode was almost identical in all thread design.
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