Introduction: An increasing number of exercise training programs are being proposed for stroke rehabilitation, with results considered positive, although not fully validated, and no recommendations, either in terms of techniques or procedures, have been reported. Objective: To review the literature on the effects of exercise retraining and physical activity in adult vascular hemiplegics. Observe these results in relation to different body systems. Method: Consultation of databases (Medline) and relevant literature using keywords (stroke, physical exercise, strength, muscular training, treadmill training...). Results: We found 58 articles on different re-training and exercise techniques (walking, cardiovascular, muscular strength and others) and outcomes (cardiovascular, muscular, bone, neurological systems, functional status) in vascular hemiplegics. Discussion – Conclusion: There is considerable interest in the literature in exercise and re-training techniques for stroke patients, with promising results. However, there are many limitations to the studies, due to differences in population samples, analysis criteria and protocol modalities, making it difficult, given the current state of knowledge, to make recommendations concerning the generalization of certain procedures.