Infections are frequent complications of hospitalization. Nosocomial infections or healthcare associated infections or hospital acquired infections are endogenous or exogenous infections which a patient acquires either during hospitalization or soon after discharge from the hospital. Hospitals and hospital-like settings tend to gather many sick under one roof and hence, serve as a reservoir of numerous infectious agents. These overcrowded healthcare settings with inability to maintain hygienic conditions are threat not only to the patients but also to the healthcare workers. Increasing population of immune-compromised patients including the aged-ones, unsafe medical care, surgical procedure, injections, transplants are some of the major causes of spread of nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections have severe adverse effects. It leads to emotional stress, functional disability and even death in certain cases. Mortality caused by nosocomial infections in India is more than any other form of accidental death. It also prolongs the hospital stays and adds to the economic burden of managing the underlying disease. The active cooperation of the Healthcare workers for better implementation of the existing preventive and control measures along with the technical advances will contribute much to fight against the nosocomial infections.