Thrombocytopenia is the term used to denote decreased platelets and it is an important finding in patients with acute illnesses. The presence of thrombocytopenia should prompt the physician to look for the underlying etiology in order to ensure proper therapy. We in the present study tried to evaluate the patients of thrombocytopenia and the causes of thrombocytopenia and treatment. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Naganoor, Karimnagar. N=112 patients which included n=62 male and n=50 females were included during the study period. A detailed medical history was obtained and complete General physical examination was done in each case. Laboratory investigations were done in all the cases that included complete blood picture, the examination of smears for MP in thick smears, Dengue serology by IgM and IgG ELISA, Liver function tests and Renal functions test. The results showed that the most important cause of thrombocytopenia was Dengue fever in n=47(41.96%) out of n=112 patients followed by Malaria in n=27(24.1%) of patients. The dengue cases were diagnosed with dengue serology the results showed that most of the patients n=35(74.47%) of total cases were having IgM positive and IgG was found to be positive in n=9(19.15%) of cases. total of n=27 cases diagnosed with malaria. Out of the n=27 most common type of malaria parasite which was found to be Plasmodium vivax in n=16(59.29%) of cases and P.falciparum in n=8 (2963%) of cases and mixed was found in n=3(11.11%) of cases. thrombocytopenia is a common laboratory finding in febrile patients. Finding the underlying etiology is very important. In this study, two important causative factors for thrombocytopenia were dengue and malaria. Blood transfusion is to be considered when there is spontaneous bleeding present and the count is below 10,000. Keywords: Thrombocytopenia, clinical study