Introduction: Urbanization is associated with higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Aortic stiffness, as measured by pulse wave velocity (Pwv) is a validated predictor of cardiovascular disease. However, in India, there are few population-based studies regarding pulse wave velocity and augmentation index (Aix). Method: Our aim is to determine vascular ageing measured by pulse wave velocity and the arterial augmentation index in urban population. Pulse wave velocity and augmentation index and was measured in 292 urban population subjects without any ECG changes. Results: Normal PWV and the 95% confidence intervals values were obtained in 20-29 year age group (compared to 30–39, 40–49, and 50–60 age groups. The mean Pwv found was 5.85 m/s ± 1.25 (range: 4.86–8.47). PWV increases linearly with aging with a high degree of correlation; with low dispersion in younger subjects. Pwv progressively increases 6–8% with each decade of life; this tendency is more pronounced after 40 years. A significant increase of Pwv between hypertensive versus nonhypertensive, diabetes vs non-diabetes groups were demonstrated. This is the first population-based study from urban population of Nellore that provides normal values of the Pwv in these region. Augmentation index was also increased significantly in both diabetic and hypertensive groups. Conclusion: The findings of present study suggest that, although related, peripheral augmentation index AIx and Pwv provide early identification of high risk groups. Implication of life style modification is the first intervention to consider in adults followed by drug therapy to control risk factors. Specifically, AIx might provide a more sensitive marker of arterial aging in younger individuals