Objective: To compare the height, weight and BMI of Chinese children aged 2-4 years between urban and rural areas, and to provide some references for the study of early childhood health. Methods: A total of 1361 rural and urban children (721 boys, 640 girls) aged 2-4 years who met the criteria of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018 were selected as subjects, to analyze and compare the physical development of children in rural and urban areas. Results: The height of urban children aged 2-4 years was higher than that of rural children (p < 0.05), the weight of urban and rural children aged 2-4 years had no significant difference (p > 0.05), and the BMI of rural children aged 2-4 years was higher than that of urban children. Conclusions: The physical development of children in China is different between urban and rural areas, so we should pay attention to the problem of obesity in rural children.