This paper aims at examining the theme “River Basin as a geomorphic units and Environmental Challenges associated with its development in Nigeria”. It also examined the environmental problems associated with harnessing their resource potentials in Nigeria. The paper also highlighted a brief history of river basins development in Nigeria, as well as their importance as a geomorphic planning unit. It also attempted a general overview of the problems associated with the development of this unique geomorphic unit. The paper thus advances some deliberate and aggressive environmental management strategies that can provide sustainable environmental management solutions. These strategies can mitigate and ameliorate the challenges associated with its development for the present generation and for posterity, with a view to ensuring a healthy environmental sustainability plan is achieved.