This article concern on the progress of regional autonomy which existed in Indonesia during pre-colonial, colonial, independence and post-independence periods up to the present. This article is divided into four parts, namely clear description from the background of regional autonomy in Indonesia, a historical review from local autonomy in Indonesia and it's essential likewise to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and its regional autonomy progress according to the rules applied. The regional autonomy system in Indonesia is an essential matter, weighing up that Indonesia is a unitary state that has a large-scale and geographical area, so that it requires the implementation of regional autonomy system that capable to become an extension from central government to ruled their respective territories according to regulations applied.