Hematological disorders are frequent in all age groups and most of them present with anemia. Bone marrow aspiration is useful and cost effective diagnostic procedure for diagnosis of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic hematological diseases. This study was done to emphasize the crucial role of Bone Marrow Aspiration in diagnosis of hematological disorders. This was a retrospective study carried out in a period of 1 year (July 2016-August 2017). Bone marrow examination of 65 cases of suspected hematological disorders on peripheral blood smear was carried out and clinical history was recorded. We studied total 65 patients among them most common red blood cell pathologies were megaloblastic anemia (56%) followed by mixed erythroid hyperplasia (11%), iron deficiency anemia (6%), normoblastic maturation (6%). All the 5 patients of platelet disorders were diagnosed as Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Among WBC pathologies Acute Leukemia (6%) and other Miscellaneous like aleukemic leukemia, leucoerythroblastic reaction & haemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis. Megaloblastic anemia was found to be the most common finding in RBC pathology, in WBC pathology acute leukemia was the most common and among platelets ITP.