The high-speed rhythm of life makes it difficult for people to have a whole time to study, and fragmented online learning comes into being in people's lives. Therefore, the research on fragmented online learning is particularly urgent and important. In order to have a deeper understanding of fragmented online learning, this paper investigates the current situation of college students' fragmented learning, and deeply studies the factors that affect the learning effect of online courses, and proposes learning effect enhancement strategies. The results of this paper are not only conducive to enhancing the effect of online learning of contemporary college students, but also conducive to teachers to optimize teaching methods, and provide reference for the development of fragmented learning of college students.