The moon image has rich associative meanings in both Chinese and western cultures. Since the moon which is symbol of eternity is accompanied by the development of human beings, therefore its associative meanings have always been enriched and developed in both Chinese and western cultures. Although the moon image in Chinese and western cultures has similar associative meanings, the reasons for their formations are quite different. In addition, the moon image shows great differences in Chinese and western cultures, which is due to the uniqueness of the two cultures. This article aims to analyze the moon image in Chinese and western cultures from the associative meaning of Leech’s categories, so as to find out their unique expressions of the moon image in Chinese and western cultures, which is of practical significance for cross-cultural communication.