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Scholars International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SIJOG)
Volume-4 | Issue-11 | 440-451
Original Research Article
Fetomaternal Outcome of Vaginal Birth after Previous Cesarean Section (VBAC): Study on Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh
Dr. Shahana Parvin, Dr. M. Sharif Uddin, Dr. Shahela Jesmin
Published : Nov. 24, 2021
DOI : 10.36348/sijog.2021.v04i11.006
Abstract
Background: Cesarean sections have been a part of human history from the beginning of time. There are legends from both western and eastern civilizations of this technique leading to live mothers and children. In today's obstetrics practice, pregnant women who have had cesarean sections in the past are becoming more commonplace. There are proven hazards to the mother's health following a cesarean section in subsequent pregnancies, such as placenta praevia or rupture of the uterine scar. Premature birth, low birth weight, and perinatal mortality have also been linked to it. Because of the risk of harm to the surrounding structures, repeat cesarean sections are extremely difficult to perform. Aim: To evaluate the outcome of vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) of patients admitted into a tertiary level hospital. Methods: It was prospective, non-randomized, and observational, which involved interviewing all pregnant patients admitted in Gynae and Obstetric Department of RMCH with a history of one or more cesarean sections were included in this study. Results: Out of 50 cases mean age of the study population was 26.92±4.67. Eighty-four percent of study subjects received a regular antenatal check-up during their present pregnancy. A maximum number of 29 patients (58%) had BMI < 20. Before VBAC 40% of subjects had previous vaginal delivery followed by cesarean section, 4% of subjects had previous cesarean section followed by vaginal delivery, and 56% of subjects had only one delivery by caesarean section. All the caesarean sections were done due to nonrecurrent causes. Bishop's scoring during admission for present pregnancy was the highest number i.e., 30(60%) had dilatation ≥4 cm, 60% of the subjects had ≥80% effacement. Women presenting with established labor had a greater chance of successful VBAC. Most of the patients 39 had spontaneous onset of labor while in 11 cases were induced. Eighty-six percent underwent VBAC successfully, and 14% of cases failed to undergo VBAC. Six subjects (12%) had undergone caesarean section. During caesarean section, peritoneal adhesion (83.33%), bladder adhesion with lower segment (66.67%), liquor-stained amniotic fluid (66.67%), cord around the neck (33.33%) were found. It was observed that the majority (76%) of the neonates were born with a birth weight between 2.5 to 3 kg, and 92% of the neonates had an APGAR score 7 at 1 min and 10 at 5 min. Only 2 neonates died after VBAC, but they died a few hours after admission in the Neonatal ward. The mother of these two neonates was in a prolonged 2nd stage of labor on admission. Peripartum hysterectomy was done in one case due to extension of cervical tear up to the body of the uterus following precipitate labor. The average length of hospital stay was about 24 hours. after delivery for most (86%) of the mothers (after VBAC), whereas only 2% stayed for more than 5 days (who underwent peripartum hysterectomy). Conclusion: From the Study, it could be concluded that if a mother fulfilled the criteria, VBAC could be attempted as it has a few maternal and fetal complications. If risk factors are identified and proper antenatal care is given, VBAC could be successfully undertaken without any grave maternal and fetal outcomes.
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