Nowadays, HIV/AIDS pandemic is a public health problem. Mother-to-child transmission is a major factor in this pandemic worldwide [1]. We have initiated this study to assess the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This is a prospective, cross-sectional study carried out in the obstetric-gynecology department of the hospital Nianankoro Fomba (HNF) Ségou over a period of 24 months, from June 2014 to May 2016. We have collected 60 cases of HIV-positive women, out of whom 1% of pregnant women and 1.28% of new mothers. The majority were housewives (65%) with an average age of 29.36 years. They were infected with HIV1 in 98.30% associated with opportunistic infections in 21.7% of cases. Immunological status was retained in 71% of patients with CD4 T-cell counts above 350 / mm3, and the average of CD4 count was 401.8947 / mm3. No patient was able to perform the viral load due to the failure of the device. 38.30% of our patients were screened HIV positive during pregnancy and 16.70% during the delivery labor. All our patients have been put on ARV triple therapy. 31.70% of the spouses were not informed of the status of their partners. The difficulties encountered in the follow-up of the children were: loss of sight, breaks in ARVs, non-availability of PCR. These difficulties explained the high rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in our study with 16.98%.