Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 4% articaine hydrochloride and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride in impacted mandibular third molar surgery. Materials and Methods: Sixty subjects randomly received either the 4% articaine injection (Group 1) or 2% lignocaine injection (Group 2) with 1: 200000 adrenaline via a pterygomandibular nerve block. The onset of the action of anesthesia, pulpal anaesthesia and its quality during the surgery, duration of anesthesia, duration of the surgery, the total volume of the anesthetic solution, hemodynamic statistics and pain levels were recorded. Results: The mean onset of anesthesia was significantly shorter in Group 1 (4.243 minutes) as compared to Group 2 (4.398 minutes). Onset of pulpal anesthesia was significantly shorter, with values as 4.287 ± 0.335 mins (Group 1) and 5.215 ± 0.3157 mins (Group 2). The duration of anesthetic effect in Group 1 was 3 hours (14.60 ± 9.76 mins), significantly higher than lignocaine -2 hours 43.33 mins (163.33 +-11.97 minutes). The duration of the procedure was marginally higher in Group 1- 41.67 ± 20.14mins; Group 2- 39.30 ±18.54mins. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between qualities of anesthesia with pain scores lower in Group 1 as compared to Group 2. Articaine was found to have better cardiovascular stability than lignocaine. Conclusion: 4% articaine hydrochloride with 1:200000 adrenaline is more effective than 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with 1:200000 adrenalines in impacted mandibular third molar surgery in terms of onset, quality of anesthesia and hemodynamic parameters.