Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are soil-dwelling microorganisms that live in association with plant roots. PGPR can play an important role in agricultural by enhancing crop production as well as increasing plant resistance against damaging pests and diseases. In the case of the destructive viral disease of cereal crops barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), there is currently no treatment available after a plant becomes infected. Control of this aphid-transmitted viral disease is limited to resistant plant cultivars and/or chemical control of vector populations. With increasing environmental pressures to move towards sustainable agriculture, PGPR-based disease control provides a viable alternative to chemical pesticide applications. Here, we aimed to review the potential use of PGPR Azospirillum brasilense to protect wheat plants against barley yellow dwarf virus, and the underlying mechanisms for PGPR-mediated changes on plant-virus-vector interactions.