Background: Tooth surface loss (TSL) is the loss of dental hard tissue including enamel and dentin caused by factors other than dental caries. This condition can be seen clinically as attrition, erosion, abrasion and abfraction. TSL can cause dental hypersensitivity and loss of vertical dimension. Also, TSL can be asymptomatic in which patients are not aware of the condition. Aims: This review will provide an overview of the definitions, prevalence, aetiology, diagnosis and preventive management of TSL. Conclusion: TSL or tooth wear (TW) is a common physiological condition occurs throughout the patients’ life, however, excessive tooth wear that cause functional and aesthetic problems are considered pathological wear. Dentists should be aware of the aetiology of the tooth wear in order to provide a successful diagnosis, management, and treatment. Clinical significance: it is of paramount importance to know and differentiate between the causes of the TW to be able to prevent and treat the problem. In mild to moderate TW without functional and aesthetical concerns, preventive measurements and regular follow-up will help to monitor and prevent further destructions.