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Saudi Journal of Biomedical Research (SJBR)
Volume-5 | Issue-06 | 112-117
Original Research Article
Hepatoprotective Effect of Azadirachta indica Leaf Fractionated Extracts against Snake Venom Toxicity on Albino Rats
Ibrahim Sani, Rabi’u Aliyu Umar, Sanusi Wara Hassan, Umar Zaki Faruq, Fatima Bello, Habiba Aminu, Amina Sulaiman
Published : June 14, 2020
DOI : 10.36348/sjbr.2020.v05i06.004
Abstract
Snakebite envenomation occurs due to subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of venom into a victim resulting in complicated pharmacological effects that depend on the combined and synergistic action of toxic and non-toxic components. Hence, this research was aimed at evaluating the hepato-protective effect of Azadirachta indica leaf fractionated extracts against snake venom toxicity in albino rats. A. indica leaf was collected, authenticated and extracted using 95% methanol followed by fractionation using hexane and ethylacetate. Albino rats of both sexes were randomly divided into five (5) groups of six (6) rats each (3 males and 3 females). Group 1 received 1% aqueous solution of Tween-80 orally. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received 0.2 mg/kg b.w. of the venom, but 3 and 4 were treated with 100 mg/kg b.w. of hexane fraction and ethylacetate fraction respectively. Group 5 received 0.2 mg/kg b.w. of the venom and treated with standard conventional antivenin. The hexane and the ethylacetate fractions significantly provided protection on the liver probably via inactivation of the venom cytotoxins leading to the hepatic protection. Among the two (2) fractions administered to the envenomed rats, only hexane fraction was able to significantly (P<0.05) reduce the activity of serum LDH compared to the venom control group. None of the fractions or the standard antivenin reduced the serum AST, but the levels of total and direct bilirubin were significantly (P<0.05) lowered in the envenomed rat compared to the venom control group. In contrast, the standard antivenin significantly increased the serum TP. This research has provided a scientific proof on the antivenom properties of A. indica leaf, and the plant extracts tested can be used for the detoxification of the snake venom toxicity.
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