This study was conducted to assess the influence of epidemiological risk factors in the formation of renal calculi, their compositionand association with urinary tract infections (UTI) among the ethnic population of Khammam district, Telangana state. This study included 56 subjects attending the urology department, Mamata General Hospital, Khammam. Out of 56 patients with renal calculi, 50 are male, 46 from rural areas, 22 were farmers and 26 were manual labor. Twenty six belonged to socioeconomically lower middle class, 38 were non-vegetarians and 47 were consuming bore/tank water. Results of this study suggest a significant association between all the epidemiological risk factors viz., gender, residence, occupation, socio economic status, diet, and source of water and formation of renal calculi. Structural analysis of stones demonstrated that 78.6% of stones were mixed. Overall, calcium oxalate as pureor mixed with otherchemicals was the main component of stones matrix, seen in 38 (67.9%) patients. In this study, struvite is present in 21.4% of the stones. Thirty (53.6%) of 56 urine specimens were culture positive and 26 (46.4%) were sterile. All the positive urine cultures yielded a single organism and 26of 30 isolates were positive for urease enzyme. Klebsiella was the most common organism and was isolated from 16 (28.6%) urine samples. Results suggest that there is a significant association between UTI and renal calculi formation.