Objective: The endometrium plays a key role in the fertility and endometrial pathology and gains great importance in the female reproductive system. It is important in terms of fertility and endometrial pathology with its mechanism and regulatory factors. Aim: This study highlights the complex process of endometrial regeneration and the researchs aimed at explaining the ability of endometrial stem cells to new remedy to the treatment of infertility as well as some diseases. Conclusion: There is no doubt that the endometrium has unlimited ability to regenerate any tissue. Today, they are in the various stages of experimentation in cell-based therapies of the regenerative medicine and will open hopeful avenues in treating heavy or fatal diseases by using stem cells. Beside endometrial diseases and infertility, an extensive range of clinical practices have included tests of stem cells in the endometrium. Furthermore, this study summarizes the identification of stem cells and regeneration properties in the endometrium.