Abstract: Similar to shale gas, shale oil is a free, adsorption and dissolution state and so on in many ways, such as the effective hydrocarbon shale layers, and is a nongaseous hydrocarbon with exploration and development significance. Oil shale is generated by the shale formation oil failed to completely discharged and stranded or only after a very short distance migration and local aggregation of results, which belongs to the typical antigenic reservoir in situ type aggregation type of oil and gas. The main medium of the occurrence of oil shale is had a history of source or are still in the oil shale formation, including shale formation may folder some tight sandstone, carbonate rock and volcanic rock are thin.