Abstract: Since the seismic data is not high speeds, limited resolution, for not responding on some of the thin reservoir and the reservoir can not effectively predict earthquakes, so the researchers started use spectral analysis to study hydrocarbon detection and reservoir prediction. Spectral decomposition technique stems from the BP oil company to explain the new technology is based on the frequency domain reservoir, which uses short when the target window Fourier transform technique geological converted from the time domain to the frequency domain to identify, in order to better determine reservoir geometry, improved seismic resolution. This technology is widely pan used for characterization of laterally discontinuous geological anomaly, thin reservoir prediction structure and the judgment of sedimentary environment; we have made a good application in reservoir prediction of gas fields in the work of Affect.