Gold mining is one of the most important economic activities that has the potential of improving livelihoods of households that engage in its extraction. The study was guided by the following objective: to determine livelihood strategies pursued by households in Rongo Sub-County. Descriptive research design and mixed methods were used. Quantitative data was collected using household survey tecnique while Key Informant Interviews, Focused Group Discussions and Case Studies were deployed to collect qualitative data. This study was also supported by Subsistence Livelihood Approach theory. The study was conceptualized on the target population which is 246 which included 223 mining households’ heads, 2 ward administrators, 2 area chiefs, 8 secretaries, 8 treasurers and 3 chairmen of gold miners’ welfare, two groups from the mining community and two groups from the non-mining community. A household survey technique was used to get the 223 mining household heads. Purposive sampling was used to get 2 ward administrators, 2 chiefs, 8 secretaries, 8 treasurers and 3 chairmen because they were few and the only existing ones. Simple random sampling was used to get two groups from the gold mining community and two groups from the non-mining community members. To ensure the reliability of the study research instruments was 0.67 which was done by test re-test through piloting study. Content validity of research instruments was ensured by two experts from Kisii University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Geography who helped at scrutinizing them. Anonymity, confidentiality, privacy and informed consent of the respondents was assured. Data was analyzed qualitatively and SPSS Programme was used. The finding of the study revealed that Gold mining generated higher income than other activities, about 61% of the miners considered gold mining as their primary activity. The study concluded that gold mining had a direct relationship with other livelihood strategies that people of Rongo sub-county engage in and further recommended that it is significant to formulate regulatory measures to ensure that gold mining is practiced within the thresholds of addressing environmental safety. The study helped in giving insights on gold mining as an activity and the bottlenecks that impede it in Rongo sub-county.