Individuals undergoing radiological investigations are exposed to natural and man-made radiation which could be ionizing or non-ionizing. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge of radiation and practice of radiation protection measures among patients awaiting radiological investigations at a teaching hospital in Southwest Nigeria. Consenting patients awaiting investigations at the radiology department of LAUTECH teaching hospital were enrolled for this study. Semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire were used and knowledge scoring was done. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 22 and p< 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The mean knowledge of radiation score among the 200 patients studied was 55.8%±20.8. Participants with high education had significantly higher score (62.46%±15.07) than those with low and no formal education (34.79%±22.38) p= 0.001. Participants who practiced personal protective measures had higher scores than those that do not p= 0.001. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the knowledge scores between the males and females (55.59%±20.41vs 56.14%±21.35) p>0.05. This study showed that knowledge about radiation helps in adopting a lifestyle that protects from radiation but the knowledge of participants about radiation appears to be shallow. Patients were not aware of the type of radiological investigation they undergo and the associated radiation risk. It is strongly recommended that patient should be well informed about the radiological investigations they undergo.