Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has a negative impact on women reproductive health, causing impaired cognitive abilities and decreased physical performance. Aim: to assess the factors influencing iron treatment among anemic pregnant women. Research Design: Correlational descriptive research design was adopted for this study. Setting: The primary health care unit in El-Baranea is affiliated to directorate of health in Ashmon El-Menofea. Sample: A Purposive sample of 150 pregnant women was recruited for the study. Tool: Two tools were used for data collection I) structured interviewing questionnaire, II) Self-report practices questionnaire. Results: most of the sampled women had malpractices in their nutritional habits & in receiving the iron treatment although they complied to take iron treatment every day. There was a relationship between the level of knowledge about iron treatment and the level of education (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: There are many factors influencing iron treatment as women’s level of knowledge and malpractices in receiving their iron treatment. Recommendation: Continuous health education for all women who receive iron treatment should be provided in antenatal clinic.