One of the most common diseases in humans is dental caries. It is an infectious disease of microbiological origin that results in localized dissolution and destruction of the calcified tissue of teeth. It is a diseased caused by multitude of factors like host, agent and environmental factors. Microbes like S. mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Actinomyces viscosus are the main pathogenic species involved with initiation and progression of dental caries. Indian surveys demonstrate caries prevalence of 58% in school children. Among the U.S. Population surveys showed 45.3% children and 93.8% of adults. A large costing of dental treatments whether prevention using remineralizing agents and treatment using restorative materials can be reduced if we could eradicate dental caries completely. Thus the ultimate objective of community health is the complete elimination of this disease. Development of dental caries vaccines is a boon for eradication of this microbiological disease.