Periodontitis are multifactorial infections that begin with a period of inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth and then progress destroying the tissues until loss of the teeth. The goal of periodontal treatment is to stop the progression of the disease, restore functions and regenerate the damaged tissue. However, regeneration of different tissues, by conventional treatments, still remains great challenge. To address this, there are several approaches to tissue engineering for regenerative dentistry, among them, the use of stem cells by including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCS), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCS), stem cells from the dental apical papilla (SCAPS), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDS), dental follicle stem cells (DFSCS), dental epithelial stem cells (DESCS), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCS), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCS), embryonicstem cells (ESCS) and induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCS). This novel approach may represent an effective therapeutic tool for periodontal regeneration. However, there are still obscurities regarding the mechanisms underlying in periodontal regeneration and challenges in applications of dental stem cell. Further efforts are necessary before moving to clinical trials for future applications.