This research examines a contemporary but disturbing issue in environmental management using Nigeria as a case study. The study probes the major causes, consequences and solutions to urban slums. Using secondary sources of data, themes were identified in relation to issues bothering on urban slums. The paper identifies rural-urban migration, population, explosion, poverty, unemployment, shortage of housing, neglect, poor physical development, poor transportation network, as well as poor waste management as the major causes of urban slums. Similarly, the review indicates that shortage of housing, unemployment, inadequate social infrastructure, waste management, environmental degradation, crimes, insecurity, land use conflicts, health hazards, population, and other ecological hazards as the negative consequences of slums. Additionally, this paper addresses the issue of environmental sustainability by emphasizing that slums are cogs in the wheels of sustainable development. To this end, the study recommends urban redevelopment, sum upgrading, poverty alleviation, provision of employment, provision of social and infrastructural amenities, sustainable waste management, as well as resettlement schemes as measures to sustainable urban environment.