Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (SJHSS)
Volume-4 | Issue-05 | 384-394
Review Article
The Generalization of the Notion of N’kisi (Fetish?) Thanks to the Concept of Being-force and to Natural Theology
Kiatezua Lubanzadio Luyaluka
Published : May 30, 2019
Abstract
Starting from Placid Tempels’ discovery of “being-force” as characteristic of the worldview of Bantus and from the
natural theology of Kôngo religion as the exposition of its essential doctrines through deductive logic, this paper attempts
a generalization of the notion of n‟kisi, often wrongly reduced to the concept of fetish. This generalization demonstrates
that the concept of n‟kisi alludes to spiritual power as the protecting presence surrounding the human being and the
animating spirit governing human beings, phenomena as well as objects of nature and of human creation. Thus defined,
the concept of n‟kisi can be grasped through the divine, human, and demonic modes. While the divine n‟kisi is related to
the practice of African traditional religion, the human-produced n‟kisi is rather an aspect of African traditional
technology. As for the demonic n‟kisi, it is the result of the loss of the support of holy ancestors due to failure to observe
ethical requirements, and/or the use of submitted evil spirits.