The paper looked at science as a systematic or step-by-step procedure requires in acquiring or obtaining knowledge that is objective, empirical and rational. The paper talked about the elements of scientific inquiry such as concepts variables, hypotheses, measurements and theories. It further highlighted the characteristics of sciences like objectivity, empiricism, universal applicability, systematic, predictability, verifiability, testability, logicality, experimentation and cumulative knowledge. Various conceptions of science were treated which includes realist conception, conventionalist conception, and traditional conception (a theory, operationalization and observation). Social research is viewed as a systematic way of search for knowledge of understanding social reality. Some types of research were identified as descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, empirical, longitudinal, exploratory, and clinical among others. One of the scientific approach, the paper viewed quantitative research and qualitative research as having step-by-step procedures in the collection and the analysis of data collected in the field. The paper concludes that both quantitative and qualitative data are scientific with quantitative research being more rigorous related to positivist science and qualitative to non-positivist conception. The paper further suggests the need for mixed method in social research in order to overcome the shortcomings of both quantitative and qualitative approaches.