Littoral zones the world over fall amongst the most productive ecosystems because they possess diverse attributes which could be exploited for socio-economic development, such as mangroves. The Republic of Cameroon could equally be accessed via its maritime borders in the south and south west directions along its Atlantic coast. These coastal areas have developed a huge expanse of mangroves. The mangroves along Cameroon’s coast could be classified into three groups: the Rio Del Rey Estuary mangrove, the Cameroon Estuary mangrove and the Rio Ntem Estuary mangrove. Due to the lack of a coordinated management system, these mangroves have been exploited unscrupulously by the neighbouring communities in different ways as a livelihood activity in order to satisfy their needs and wants. This study sets out to assess the exploitation of mangroves along the littoral coast of Cameroon through field surveys and the consultation of institutional sources from government ministries such as Forestry and Wildlife (MINFOF) and Environment, Nature Protection and Sustainable Development (MINEPDED). It was observed that Cameroon’s Littoral zone extends to a distance of about 402km long, containing about 250,000 hectares of mangroves. However, these mangroves are unsustainably exploited by the neighbouring communities notably for fishing, mineral (mostly sand, petroleum) exploitation, wood harvesting for the smoking of fish and fuel wood, housing or settlement expansion, industrial activities, etc. All these human activities jeopardize the future existence of this mangrove-rich ecosystem as well as the benefits they hold for environmental sustainability and sustainable development, which is a major concern of the Cameroon government who have enacted various legislation and policies for their sustainable management.