The main concern on this study is HOS Cokroaminoto and KH. Ahmad Dahlan’s thoughts on the Islamic education. The result of this study is expected to be an alternative solution to solve the problems of the nation's education through the idea of HOS Tjokroaminoto and KH. Ahmad Dahlan. This research is a library research used descriptive analysis, by which the object of the study is the thought of HOS Tjokroaminoto and KH. Ahmad Dahlan on Islamic Education. The data used were taken from the works of the respective figures and expert opinion in such matters. In the thought of HOS Cokroaminoto, Islamic Education does not teach only aqal intelligence, but must also inculcate the Islamic principles. In one hand, KH. Ahmad Dahlan asserts that Islamic education should be based on a solid foundation; the Qur'an and Sunnah. This foundation is a philosophical framework in formulating the concept and ideals of Islamic education, both vertically and horizontally. The Islamic educational thought owned by HOSTjokroaminoto and KH. Ahmad Dahlan have similarities in terms of the foundation and the difference in the objectives, whereas the first is more directed at the education that led to the independence of the Muslims; while the second leads to the integralization of religious sciences and general sciences.The similarities and differences of HOS Tjokroaminoto and KH.AhmadDahlan’s thoughts on Islamic education can be seen from three aspects; the basic principles of Islamic education, curriculum and teaching methods.