Azerbaijan (Atropatgan) is one of the main and ancient places of Iran where it has Aryan residents. In this paper, attempt is made to study the race and people living there from the perspective of anthropology and ethnology. In fact, it is based on this question that whether or not, the people resided in Atropatgan have an Aryan race as other Iranians. To find the answer, first we have considered the race of people in the Iranian Plateau based on appearance, color, hair, and skull regarding different zones, oldness and the presence of various nations as some factors making integrated races. Conducting the research based on field studies, we have considered the race of people in Atropatgan and measured their skulls. Moreover, we have done anthropological studies on items such as the color of skin and hair, head size, forehead, eyebrows and eyes in cities and villages of the eastern Azerbaijan. To do this, some measuring tools have been used like compasses to measure the head and skull-graduated compasses with a movable beam. Then, the researcher has compared racial characteristics in this area with other peoples of Iran. Thus, according to anthropological and ethnical criteria of people in Atropatgan, we came to this conclusion that they have the same race (i.e. Aryan) similar as other Iranians who are the reminders and grandchildren of Aryan and Parse Medes. Therefore, the opposite is completely rejected on the view of the racial characteristics and all documents accounts for their Aryan race.