This study investigated on the influence of food provision on pupils‘ participation in learning across 130 Primary Schools in Babati Rural District. A total of 120 pupils and 101 teachers were randomly selected to participate in the study through the questionnaire. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlational Coefficient. Reliability of questionnaire items ranged between .887 and 0.962 Cronbach‘s Alpha meaning the instrument was reliable for data collection. The study established that provision of food is limited to some schools where the distribution of food is fairly done; the amount of food is sufficient and is prepared in clean environment. However, the food provided does not cater for balance diet and there is no variety of food given. Pupils in schools that offer food services have significantly higher mean score in learning participation than pupils in schools where food service is not offered. Thus, the rate of learning participation is significantly influenced by food provision. The more effective food provision, the more pupils‘ participation in learning takes place. The study recommends that effective provision of food should be extended to all schools across the District. School administration should ensure provision of balanced diet so that learners can enjoy the food and have better health. Government authority and other interested groups should also strive to sustain effective food provision in order to raise the level of pupils‘ participation in learning.