Adult education encompasses basic literacy that caters for beginners, post literacy for literacy sustainability and Non-formal education for primary and secondary level. This study was limited to Basic and post-literacy programmes. Despite efforts made by the government in awareness creation and recruitment drives of adult learners; participation in ACE centres has been evasive and quite low. The objective of this study was to establish the extent to which economic structures affect learners participation in adult education. This study was guided by Herzberg’s. Theory of Motivation .The population of this study was 58 ACE centres government sponsored ACE centres with their adult education teachers and a total of 838 adult learners. Purposive sampling technique was used to get a sample of 52 government sponsored ACE centres with its 52 teachers and systematic sampling of 10% of the sample of adult learners, thus 251 adult learners sample. This study used mixed research design to collect and analyse data.