For decades, Nigella sativa has been used as herbal medicine. Thymoquinone is a main ingredient isolated from Nigella sativa and has wide range of pharmacological activities, such as protection from oxidative stress, inflammation and infections. This is also suggested that most of the therapeutic effects of Nigella sativa are because of the presence of thymoquinone that's the most bioactive constituent of the Nigella sativa. The crude and thymoquinone extracted from its seeds and oil are effective against non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer, etc.) and communicable diseases (malaria, AIDS, hepatitis C virus, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections etc.). The literature studies were preliminary and scanty; however the results revealed that Nigella sativa (black seed) plants have a possible therapeutic impact for wide range diseases. Such results are encouraging for the incorporation of those plants in treatment of both communicable and non-communicable diseases.