This article argues that the current National Policy on Education of the Federal Republic of Nigeria has its roots in the educational philosophies of the ancient philosophers. The article states, discusses and traces the three major ideas and the development of educational Philosophies of the ancient Philosophers, namely Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. The article further discusses how their ideas has shaped or influenced subsequent philosophers of Education as postulated by John Dewey, John Milton, Gregory and Abraham Maslow. In application the paper concludes by comparing and contrasting the National Policy on Education of the Federal Republic of Nigeria with the above schools of thought.