This study dealt with the relationship between school feeding program and pupil`s attendance in primary schools in Moshi rural District, which guided by reinforcement theory proposed by Skinner. The study used correlational research design. 5 primary schools were used for the study with 5 teachers from each school, and 15 pupils from each sampled school. Probability sampling was utilized to select respondents‟ questionnaire were the main tools for data collection. The data analysis used percentage and frequency to describe and summarize the research variables. The study concluded that the provision of school feeding program does not provide balance diet to pupils since the food provided do not contained five types of food, school feeding program influenced pupils enrollment and attendance at large number which accelerated performance in primary schools, school feeding program influenced pupils performance at high level, the implementation of school feeding program facing challenges such as lack government support, poor parent contribution and the issue of free education. The recommendations which can be made were community and parents should be given education on the importance of school feeding program in primary schools, the community should be involved on contribution of school feeding program, the government should elaborate the issue of free education.