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Scholars International Journal of Biochemistry (SIJB)
Volume-3 | Issue-05 | 114-117
Review Article
A Review on Covid-19, Symptoms, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and future Challenges
Fouzia Parveen, Musawir Hussain, Nelofar Ansari, Zainab Arshad, Muhammmad Haroon, Muhammmad Ammar, Shahid Ali Chand, Hira Ghaffar
Published : May 14, 2020
DOI : 10.36348/sijb.2020.v03i05.002
Abstract
Mainly, SARS-CoV is transmitted through inhalation of respiratory droplets and direct or indirect contact. The Covid-19 has become the biggest pathogens of emerging respiratory disease outburst. These pathogens are a large family of RNA viruses that is single stranded that can be isolated in a lot of different animal species. The complete information about epidemiology, pathogenesis of Covid-19 remains unclear. There is need to study clear diagnosis and pathogenesis of this virus. The symptoms of COVID-19 infection started to appear after an incubation period of almost 5.2 days. The period from the attack of COVID-19 symptoms to death are ranged from 6 to 41 days with an average of 14 days. The patients >70-years old had shorter incubation period compared with those who are the under the age of 70. The most common symptoms at attack of COVID-19 dry cough, illness are fever, and fatigue, while other symptoms include sputum production in lungs, diarrhea, headache, hemoptysis, lymphopenia and dyspnea. The patients infected with COVID-19 showed high number of leukocytes, abnormal respiratory findings and with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Rapid reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2, and technical advancement is very helpful for development of vaccine. Rhesus monkey human ACE2 transgenic mouse for development of vaccine, and some SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are already under experimental clinical trial. Probably, the mechanism of vaccination offers the best option to control COVID-19.
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