The lack of exercise in childhood is caused by a variety of different factors. In order to illustrate the consequences of a lack of exercise, the effects of exercise on child development will be discussed. The aim of the present study was to identify the multifunctional importance of movement in all areas of child development on the basis of various research studies. The method used in this study was a review of the relevant literature. By analysing various research results, we discovered that due to the increase in postural weaknesses, postural defects and motor deficits in children and adolescents and the associated cognitive consequences, various studies and publications have been conducted in recent years, in which effective physical education at pre-school age is repeatedly mentioned as the cornerstone for the holistic development of children. Movement activities and physical activity can have a positive influence on physical development in the following areas: a) improved development and increased performance of the cardiovascular system, b) age-appropriate development of the muscular system, c) high resilience of the skeleton and d) positive contribution to the formation of a correct posture and avoidance of postural weaknesses and postural damage. Numerous scientific studies have shown that there is a connection between movement activity and intelligence development. For example, children of pre-school age achieved better results in intelligence tests than the non-subsidised control groups through regular physical activity promotion. In addition, targeted motoric promotion has a lasting effect on improving concentration. Particularly in early childhood, versatile physical activity can have a positive influence on the development and training of mental abilities. In childhood, movement activities have a high experience value. Victory and defeat, joy and sorrow, happiness and disappointments - sport and play provoke a variety of emotional states that have a lasting effect on the emotional development of children. Through movement, the child tests its body. It learns to deal with it, to assess it and it feels the limits of its own body. Due to their physical activity, children experience recognition from their peers and adults. Such experiences are of great importance for the development of self-confidence and mental balance. Since a large number of physical activities in childhood are connected with group activities, there are various social educational effects for the growing person. Movement, sport and play can provide important impulses and helpful lessons for personal adaptation, interpersonal relationships and appropriate social behaviour. In summary, it can be said that exercise has effects on the whole person. Different areas are addressed by exercise and can therefore be promoted through exercise.