American writer Ernest Hemingway’s short story The Killers is a classic literary work. Its unique linguistic charm and vivid characters have attracted scholars from generation to generation to appreciate and study. This paper takes the main characters’ conversations in the classic short story as the research object. Through statistical and analytical study of the conversations violating the Cooperative Principle and the conversational implicature they produce, the research aims to reveal the characters’ personalities and show its profound themes, thus helping readers better understand and appreciate the short story and broadening the application of pragmatic theory in the field of literature.