As the National Book Award winner of America in 2013, The Good Lord Bird plays an important role in depicting the inner world of ordinary people, especially slaves. The young slave narrator, Henry Shackleford recreates John Brown's raids on Harpers Ferry on the eve of the American Civil War. His role changes and choices in his life reflect the identical dilemma and awakening of the black slaves in that era. Based on Ethical Literary Criticism, this paper displays Henry’s identical dilemma in The Good Lord Bird from two aspects of gender dilemma and social dilemma. It explores reasons for Henry’s dual identical dilemmas and the ethical choices, which is to be a girl in bondage or a boy in freedom. Therefore, this paper reveals the inefficiency and blindness of the black slave's ethical choices in the context of slavery, representing the loneliness and alienation faced by the black slaves on the eve of American Civil War. It awakens people to recognize the hypocrisy and evilness of Slavery, and makes human beings re-examine history, giving important enlightenment to American racial issues.