SUBMIT YOUR RESEARCH
Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences (SJLS)
Volume-11 | Issue-11 | 581-593
Original Research Article
Assessment of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Freshwater Snails (Physella acuta) as Potential Bioindicators of Aquatic Pollution
Haider Ali, Muqaddas Khalid*, Mubashir Khattak*, Ayesha Khalid, Iqra Hakim, Zaib Un Nisa, Malaika Tajamul, Masood Shah
Published : Nov. 14, 2026
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/sjls.2026.v11i11.002
Abstract
The presence of heavy metals in freshwater represents a global health problem. Freshwater gastropods can integrate exposure to trace metals over time and therefore have potential value in aquatic biomonitoring, but interpretation depends critically on sample identity, tissue basis digestion volume, quality-control records and the environmental matrices measured alongside the organisms. This study evaluated the concentrations of lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) in acid-digested soft tissue samples of the freshwater snail Physella acuta collected from the Shah Alam River, Peshawar District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The fresh snails were collected from an approximately 100 m2 area of river, in a period from 2-8 February 2023. After removal of shells, soft tissues were separated and six samples were prepared from them each weighing 1g. Two strong acids, nitric and perchloric acids were used for tissue digestion. And the heavy metals concentrations were found out by using a technique called atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The analytical tables contained six labels, including sample 1, sample 2, sample 3, sample 4, sample 5 and sample 6. For Samples 1–6, reported digest concentrations ranged from 1.53 to 5.73 mg/L for Pb, 0.146 to 0.295 mg/L for Zn, 0.089 to 0.110 mg/L for Cr, 0.044 to 0.090 mg/L for Ni and 0.041 to 0.096 mg/L for Cu. The results represent that, the concentration of 3 heavy metals out of 5 are exceeded from the acceptable level. The results of this study showed high concentration of lead (Pb) followed by Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu) in tissues sample, out of which Pb had the highest nominal digest concentrations among the metals reported, Cr and Ni also exceeded from the normal level. However, the concentration of Zn and Cu are within the permissible levels provided by world health organization (WHO) of the United Nation. The findings provide a preliminary analytical record of heavy metals for snail-derived digests from the Shah Alam River and identify specific requirements for a stronger follow-up study.
Scholars Middle East Publishers
Browse Journals
Payments
Publication Ethics
SUBMIT ARTICLE
Browse Journals
Payments
Publication Ethics
SUBMIT ARTICLE
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
© Copyright Scholars Middle East Publisher. All Rights Reserved.